چارچوب زنجيره تأمين ناب در بخش فراساحل صنعت نفت و گاز با رويكرد توسعه پايدار

Designing Lean Supply Chain Framework in the Offshore Sector of the Oil and Gas Industry with a Sustainable Development Approach

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﺎب، ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮ و رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺷﻮد. از ﺟﺎﻧﺐ دﯾﮕﺮ، روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺎﯾﺪار زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ، ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ را در ﻃﻮل زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺿﻤﻨﺎً ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز در ﮐﺸﻮر، ﭘﯿﺎده ﺳﺎزي زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﺎب ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه، ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻮده و ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، اراﯾﻪ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﺎب در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻪ در ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﺮاﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز در ﺳﺎل 96 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﻣﺘﻮن و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻈﺮﺧﻮاﻫﯽ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن، ده ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﺎب ﺑﻮدن زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﮔﺎم ﺑﻌﺪي، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي، ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب، »ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و رﻫﺒﺮي« ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ و دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ»ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي زﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ« و » اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﯾﺮي« ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻋﺎﻣﻞ »ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و رﻫﺒﺮي« زﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﺑﮕﯿﺮد. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ و دﻗﯿﻖ، در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آن ﻫﺎ، ﺟﻠﻮ ﮔﯿﺮي از اﻧﺘﺼﺎﺑﺎت و ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﭘﯽ در ﭘﯽ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ، ﺗﻼش در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت و ﺗﻀﺎدﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Background and Objective: Today, Companies can use different supply chain paradigms to achieve better performance and improve their competitiveness. Lean supply chain is one of these paradigms that focuses on eliminating waste along the chain. On the other hand, the lean approach emphasizes three dimensions of economic, social and environmental along the chain and can lead to sustainability in supply chain. In fact, sustainability refers to a good balance between economic development, social assets and environmental issues. Due to the importance of the oil and gas industry in our country, the implementation of a lean supply chain based on sustainability in active organizations in this area is very important. Method: In order to conduct this study that has been carried out in one of the largest companies operating in the offshore sector, first, by reviewing the literature and opinion poll at the experts, the ten factors that lead to lean supply chain were identified. Then, using an interpretive structural modeling approach, the research framework was developed. Findings: in this framework, "management and leadership" as the most influential and the two factors, "minimization of delivery time" and "flexibility" were determined as the most influential factors. Discussion and Conclusion: Accordingly, the "management and leadership” was the basis of this framework and should be much considered. Finally, some suggestions were made to achieve lean procurement process with sustainable approach in the offshore sector of the oil and gas industry