دستيابي به پايداري زيست محيطي در مسكن امروزي به واسطه طبيعت

Achieving Environmental Sustainability in Modern Housing by Introducing Nature

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: در ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻣﺮوزي ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﮐﻢ رﻧﮓ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪﺳﻮي ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺧﻮد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺻﻮل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ و درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺪاماﻧﺪ؟ روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺘﻮن ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آنﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ، اﺻﻮل و ﺟﻤﻼت ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن 3ﺣﻮزه ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري، ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ و ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪازآن ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﮑﺎت ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯽواﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ، اﺣﯿﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻮر ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻫﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﻓﺮم و ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و ﻧﺤﻮه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ در ﭘﺮوﺳﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار دادن ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎندﻫﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻦ، ﺣﻔﻆ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، اﺣﺘﺮام ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ و ... ﺑﺘﻮان ﻣﺴﮑﻨﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ و در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺻﻮل ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﻓﺘﺪ.

Background and Objective: In modern houses connection to nature is faded out and their habitats are approaching towards degrading their surrounding environment. This research investigates the ways by which we connect to nature as one of the principles of environmentally sustainable development in housing and also seeks to answer the questions that what the characteristics of nature-compatible housing are in order to fulfill the objectives of environmental sustainability. Method: Data collection was conducted through library resources, the analysis of qualitative and descriptive study was conducted to analyze their content. In this regard the components, principles and key sentences bases of the three spheres of sustainability, nature and housing were extracted. After that components and points obtained were classified. Then, in order to achieve the aimed housing characteristics, the components correlation to each other and their implementation was analyzed by authors. Eventually a list of measures necessary to achieve these characteristics was finalized. Findings: the results indicate that it is necessary to considering measures to communicate directly with nature, restoring the natural environment and conserving natural resources, reducing energy consumption and increasing exposure to sunlight, reducing environmental pollution, harmonizing form-shape of the building with the environment and appropriate materials selection and their implementation in the home design process one. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems by considering the constant presence of nature in the organization of housing spaces, preservation of existing vegetation, respecting the natural shape of the site and so on is able to design housing which maintains and strengthens the relationship between people and nature. This in turn falls in line with the principles of environmental sustainability.