ارزيابي فني و اقتصادي ساختمان تجاري انرژي خالص صفر در شهر اهواز با در نظرگرفتن قابليت اطمينان

Technical and Economical Assessment of a Net Zero Energy Commercial Building Connected to the Network in Ahvaz, Considering Reliability Constraint

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف : ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮق واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎد و ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻧﺮژي ﺻﻔﺮ از ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻨﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ، ﻧﻮع ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ، ﻣﺤﻞ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﺑﻌﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪي ﻓﺎﯾﺪه، ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺑﻮدن اﺣﺪاث اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ : در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎر اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻧﺮماﻓﺰاري اﯾﻦ دادهﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰاري و ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار AutoCAD و ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ Design builder ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻓﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻧﺪازه ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار)System Advisor model (SAM اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﻣﺪل ﻧﺮماﻓﺰاري ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار PISTACHE ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ارزش ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ)(NPW و ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار COMFAR اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﭼﺸﻢاﻧﺪاز در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن، 20 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ : ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ روش ﻋﺪدي و ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻓﻨﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﺗﺠﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﻞ زﻣﯿﻦ 1500 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و زﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎي460ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد 15 واﺣﺪ ﺗﺠﺎري در دو ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز 15 درﺟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و اﺣﺪاث ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎم ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن و ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻮدن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ق ﺷﺒﮑﻪي ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ داد و ﺳﺘﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از ﺷﺒﮑﻪي ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﺑﺮق ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮق اﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي : در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ و ﺑﺮودﺗﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﺮد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﻧﺮژي ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن داراي ﺳﻮد ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Background and Objective: The expansion of wind and solar power generators has led to the development of buildings equipped with renewable sources. The main purpose of this article is to design a zero energy building from a technical and economic point of view. In the technical dimension, the capacity of renewable sources, type of materials, location and direction of construction, height are determined according to the type of electric cooling and heating charges. In the economic dimension, with the help of cost-benefit analysis, the cost-effectiveness of constructing such buildings is examined. Methods: In this paper, first the amount of solar energy potential is calculated, then according to the climatic characteristics of Ahvaz city, the amount of electric, heating and cooling load is calculated and using software models, these data are correct. They are measured. By examining software and modeling using AutoCAD software and Design builder analytical software, the best technical design is extracted and System Advisor model (SAM) software is used to select the system size and the cooling system software model is used. The solar is simulated with PISTACHE software and the Net Present Value (NPW) measurement and COMFAR software are used for economic analysis. The landscape intended for the design of the building is 20 years old. Finding: Using numerical and software technical evaluation, the selection of the best technical design in a commercial building with a total land area of 1500 square meters and 460 square meters of infrastructure with 15 commercial units on two floors was reviewed. The research results show that the building with Paying attention to the weather conditions in the city of Ahvaz, 15 degrees to the south should be designed and constructed so that we have the most radiation towards the roof of the building in summer and also the body of the building in winter. In addition, considering the reliability and connectivity of the building to the electricity of the national network, it was determined that the problems of load supply in the building are minimized and the building can trade with the network so that in summer, electricity must be supplied from the national grid and in winter, additional electricity must be injected into the grid.