پديد آورندگان :
حسن پور تيچي، علي دانشگاه فني و حرفه اي استان مازندران - دانشكده شهيد هاشمي نژاد - گروه علوم و صنايع چوب و كاغذ , رضانژاد ديوكلايي، مجتبي دانشگاه فني و حرفه اي استان مازندران - دانشكده شهيد هاشمي نژاد - گروه علوم و صنايع چوب و كاغذ
كليدواژه :
توت , بحراني , بخش روزنه اي , خوشه اي , درخت توس
چكيده فارسي :
در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي اﻟﯿﺎف، ﺧﻮاص ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ ﭼﻮب ﺗﻮت ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ، ﺳﻪ اﺻﻠﻪ درﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﻮت واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﺑﻞ )اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻪ دﯾﺴﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ 5 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﺳﯿﻨﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع 3 ﻣﺘﺮ و ارﺗﻔﺎع 4/5 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮﻧﯽ 2×2cm ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل cm 3 از ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﺪه و ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻮاص ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي اﻟﯿﺎف ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻮل اﻟﯿﺎف، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﻔﺮه ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻓﯿﺒﺮ و ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﯾﻮاره ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ داﻧﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ و داﻧﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ ﭼﻮب ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ و ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ ﻧﻮري ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯿﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن )IAWA( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯽ در ﭼﻮب ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻣﻐﺰ و ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮت ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺖ. ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي آوﻧﺪﻫﺎ و ﻧﺤﻮه اﺳﺘﻘﺮار آن در ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻣﻐﺰ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺗﺎﯾﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ و در ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺷﻌﻪ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻐﺰ، ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ در ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از اﺷﻌﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﺣﻔﺮات آوﻧﺪي در ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ، ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮ )237 ﻣﯿﮑﺮون( از ﭼﻮب ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻣﻐﺰ )144 ﻣﯿﮑﺮون( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ازﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ در اﯾﻦ ﭼﻮب ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪهﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺨﺶ روزﻧﻪاي و در ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ روزﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داﻧﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ از ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ درﺧﺖ روﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮدي و از ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ درﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﺎج درﺧﺖ روﻧﺪ ﻧﺰوﻟﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي اﻟﯿﺎف ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ در درﺧﺖ ﺗﻮت ﻫﻢ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ و ﻫﻢ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ازﻟﺤﺎظ ﻃﻮل، ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﯿﺎف ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﻔﺮه ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ و ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﯾﻮاره ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﺧﻮاص ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺘﺮي اﻟﯿﺎف از ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ روﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮدي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل، ﻗﻄﺮ ﮐﻠﯽ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﻔﺮه ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ و ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﯾﻮاره اﻟﯿﺎف ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 1/51 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ، 27/25 ﻣﯿﮑﺮون، 74/ 18 ﻣﯿﮑﺮون و 8/5 ﻣﯿﮑﺮون اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ
چكيده لاتين :
In this study, we investigated the biometrical properties of fibers, the physical and microscopic properties of Morus alba wood. For this purpose, three healthy mulberry trees were randomly selected and cut in Babol city (Mazandaran province). Three discs of 5 cm thickness were prepared at breast height, 3 m height, and 4.5 m height. In the transverse direction, the test specimens were cut 2 × 2 cm to 3 cm from the pith to the bark sequentially and examined. Then the biometric properties of fibers including fiber length, fiber lumen diameter, fiber diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured. Also, microscopic sections of wood close to the pith and bark were studied using light microscopy according to the List of International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA). Anatomy of the wood near the pith and bark of the Morus alba tree revealed differences. Vessel grouping and its arrangements near the pith were more radially, while these features were more clustered near the bark. Rays in the area of the pith were more heterogeneous, while near the bark, many rays were homogeneous. The mean tangential vessel diameter near the larger bark (237 microns) was greater than that of the near-pith wood (144 microns). The porosity of wood was observed to be ring porous, near the bark, and semi ring porous near the pith. The results also showed that there was a significant difference in both the transverse and longitudinal directions of the Morus alba tree in terms of length, fiber diameter, fiber lumen diameter, and the cell wall thickness. The biometric properties of the fibers increased from the pith to the bark. The mean length, total diameter, fiber lumen diameter and cell wall thickness of the fibers were 1.51 mm, 27.25 µm, 18.74 µm, and 8.5 µm, respectively.
