بررسي پالايش خاك‌هاي آلوده به فلزات سنگين به‌وسيله گياه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)

Investigation of Remediation of Contaminated Soils with Heavy Metals Using Helianthus Annuus L. Plant

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﺪيﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ دﻧﯿﺎ در ﺣﺎل ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان )Helianthus annuus L.( ﺗﺤﺖ دو ﻣﺎده ﺑﻬﺴﺎز ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي و ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر )ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ 1 ،0 % و 2 % وزﻧﯽ( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﻃﺮح ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 5 ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن دوره ﮐﺸﺖ، اﻧﺪمﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺧﺎك و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻞ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺮب ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ICP-OES اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ، ﺳﺮب، روي، ﮐﺮوم و ﻧﯿﮑﻞ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸﻪ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان و ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ ﮐﻞ و ﺗﺒﺎدﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي و ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﺬب ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ، ﺳﺮب، روي و ﮐﺮوم در ﺧﺎك ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﯿﺎه آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي TF، BCF و BAC ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﮔﯿﺎهﺗﺜﺒﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﮔﯿﺎه آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺬبﮐﻨﻨﺪه آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد و در ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Background and Objectives: Heavy metals are one of the most serious environmental problems that are spreading around the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soils by sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) under two natural remedies including municipal waste compost and biochar (each at three levels of 0, 1% and 2% by weight) done. Method: Design experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. After planting period, aerial and underground parts of plant have collected and some soil important characteristics and plant morphological properties and metals have measured. ICP-OES is used for heavy metals measurement. Statistical analysis of measured data for the analysis of variance in SPSS software and comparison of data from the test at least significant difference (LSD). Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the application of treatments used in this study in the concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc, chromium and nickel of shoots and roots of sunflower and the amount of total cadmium and soil exchange. Urban waste and biochar compost treatments increase the uptake of heavy metals cadmium, lead, zinc and chromium into the soil by sunflower. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be generally stated that the sunflower species based on the values of TF, BCF and BAC indices can be used as a plant suitable for phytoremediation of contaminated soils in the region through the plant process. Introduce stabilization. According to the results of this study, sunflower can be used as an adsorbent of pollutants and is recommended in soils contaminated with heavy metals.