ارزيابي نرم افزار هاي هيدرولوژيكي در استخراج پارامترهاي فيزيوگرافي حوضه آبخيز

Evaluation of Hydrological Softwares in Physiographic Parameters Extraction of Watershed

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖArcGIS ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ اﺑﺰار ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺨﯿﺰ و اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮي، از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺎمﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﯽ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل رﻗﻮﻣﯽ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﮑﺴﻞ ﺳﺎﯾﺰ 10 ﻣﺘﺮي در دو ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺎز )ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺰرگ( و ﮔﭽﺎن )ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ( ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ، ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زﻫﮑﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي -WMS ,HEC GEO HMS ,ARC SWAT وARC HYDRO اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮز واﻗﻌﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ )روش دﺳﺘﯽ( ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﺪدي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻮد و ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ دﯾﺪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻫﺮﮐﺪام از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺣﻮزه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ را در ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه ﻗﺮارداد ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎري اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روش دﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮي ﺑﺮآورد و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺣﻮﺿﻪ، ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارHEC-GEO HMS ,ARC HYDRO وARC SWAT ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮي از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار WMS داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ واﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ در ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎي ARC HYDRO و HEC-GEO HMS در ﻫﺮ دو ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﭘﯿﺶ ﭘﺮدازشﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي DEM ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار WMS و دﺷﻮاري و زﻣﺎنﺑﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار دﯾﮕﺮ، در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژي اﯾﻦ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﮐﻢﺗﺮ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ-ﮔﯿﺮد، وﻟﯽ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﯿﻼب و ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ و رﺳﻮب ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار WMS ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ آﺑﺮاﻫﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Background and Objective: Today, many analysis of hydrological studies are applicable using ArcGIS, as a valuable tool for engineering analyzes. Determination of the geometry of the watershed and stream network extraction and analysis of physiographic parameters for morphometric analysis, is the most important step for hydrological applications. Method: Using DEM with 10×10 meter pixel size of Sarbaz watershed, was extracted physiographic parameters such as environment, area, branching ratio and drainage density using software ARCSWAT, HEC-GEO HMS, WMS and ARC HYDRO and was compared with watershed border area. Findings: The results of SPSS showed that they don’t have statistically significant differences in the level of 95% between operations of software. So, the results of Duncan test represented that all softwares are placed in a group. Output parameters of the software in numerical terms was very close. Depending on the expert opinion and ease of use of any of the software can be used to derive physical parameters of watershed. Although the border area of extracted with ARCSWAT, HEC-GEO HMS and ARC HYDRO was closer than WMS with the truth visually. Discussion and Conclusion: Because of pre-processing process required the preparation of DEM in WMS software and the difficulty with this software compared to other software, WMS software less frequently used in hydrological studies. But in hydrological studies such as flood control, sediment and erosion due to consideration of more ranks of stream the WMS software could be more appropriate.