كاهش مصرف كودهاي نيتروژنه با فن آوري كلروفيل متر به منظور توليد محصول سالم

Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizers with Chlorophyll Meter for Determining Health Production

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻧﯿﺎز ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب، ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺻﺤﯿﺢ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي ﻧﯿﺘﺮات و ورود آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در ﺑﺮگ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 6 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ:50 ،150،100 ،200 ،250 و 300 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اوره در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار، دو ﻣﮑﺎن و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎل اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪدﻫﯽ، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺮاﺋﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﺪد 45 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺮﺟﻊ، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪدﻫﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﯿﺎز در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺳﺮك ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﻣﺘﺮ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات را در ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋو ﻫﺶ در ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺳﺮك ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 250 و 300 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ 25 و 21 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞﻣﺘﺮ در ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺳﺮك ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ در ﮔﻨﺪم، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟـﻮﯾﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪاي ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آورد. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ورود ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﺑﻪ آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

Background and Objective: Excessive use of nitrogen pollutes water, soil and plant resources. One of the appropriate solutions in determining the correct and timely amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the use of chlorophyll meter. The purpose of this study is to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers and prevent nitrate leaching and its entry into groundwater sources. Method: Using chlorophyll assay in leaves, an experiment using 6 treatments of nitrogen fertilizer including: 50, 150, 100, 200, 250 and 300 kg per hectare of urea source in a randomized complete block design with three replications, two locations and It ran for a year. At the stem stage, the chlorophyll in the leaves of the wheat flag was read using a chlorophyll meter. Considering the number 45 as a reference, the amounts of nitrogen road fertilizer at the stem stage were calculated and, if necessary, provided to experimental plots. Findings: With the recommendation of nitrogen fertilizer road using chlorophyll meter, nitrate concentration in soil and plants was reduced. In this study, the nitrogen fertilizer road recommendation was saved so that in the application treatments of 250 and 300 kg / ha nitrogen fertilizer was 25 and 21%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: By using chlorophyll meter in recommending nitrogen fertilizer road in wheat, significant savings can be achieved in consumption. This will produce a healthy crop with less nitrate and prevent nitrate from entering groundwater.