بررسي مهارت، رفتار و آگاهي محيط زيستي دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدايي(مطالعه موردي شهر انديكا)

Evaluating Environmental Skill, Behavior and Awareness of Primary School Students, (Case Study: Andika City)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻠﺖ ﻫﺎ در ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﯾﮑﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮل رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ. ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺳﺎزان آﯾﻨﺪه و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺎ و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن، ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶ و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻫﻤﺴﻮ ﺑﺎ آن دارد. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻬﺎرت، رﻓﺘﺎر و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دوره اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان دوره اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ اﻧﺪﯾﮑﺎ در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ. از ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﺎن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ 245 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪ. رواﯾﯽ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرت، رﻓﺘﺎر و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 0/84 ،0/70 ،0/79( ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ:ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 73/5% داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ دارﻧﺪ. 67% رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و 20% رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ 72% از داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ زﯾﺎد و 26% آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرت، رﻓﺘﺎر و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان، دﺧﺘﺮان ﺑﯿﺶ از ﭘﺴﺮان داراي ﻣﻬﺎرت، رﻓﺘﺎر و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮده و از ﻧﻈﺮ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﭘﺪر و ﻣﺎدر داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و اﻧﺠﺎم رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ از آن داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ ﭘﺪر آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻮد و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ ﭘﺪر آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرت، رﻓﺘﺎر و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺷﻐﻞ ﭘﺪر و ﻣﺎدر و ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻬﺎ رت، رﻓﺘﺎر و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮدهاﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ و ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ اﻗﺪام ﻋﻤﻠﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪ ﺷﻮد.

Abstract Background and Objective: Many of the environmental challenges of nations are due to inappropriate environmental behavior in the 21st century. Improving students' environmental skills as future decision makers and increasing their abilities and appropriate behavior with the environment, requires knowledge and awareness associated with it, so this study aims to identify the level of environmental behavior, awareness and skills of primary school students. Method: The study method is descriptive and survey type and its statistical population consisted of elementary school students in Indika in 2017. Among them, a sample of 245 people was selected using cluster random sampling method and the required information was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The apparent validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (for the variables of environmental skill, behavior and awareness, respectively 0.79, 0.70, 0.84). Findings: Findings showed that 73.5% of students have good environmental skills. 67% of students show strongly agree statement related to environment while 20% of them are agreed. Also, 72% of students are fully aware of environmental issues while 26% of them have a little aware. The results of correlation analysis revealed average of environmental behavior, awareness and skill of female students were more than male students and in terms of employment status of parents of students, the most awareness and environmental behavior belongs to those students whose father's job were farmers, and most of the skills were related to students whose father's job was an employee. The results of correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental skills, behavior and awareness with the students' academic base. Discussion and Conclusion: Gender, parents' occupation and educational level have been effective in students' environmental skill, behavior and awareness. To improve pro-environmental behaviors, it is necessary to strengthen awareness resources to institutionalize the readiness and inclination to take practical action to protect the environment in the form of environmental skills.