پديد آورندگان :
بهادران، فرزانه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي , رضايي، اعظم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي , اشراقي، فرشيد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي , كرامت زاده، علي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي
كليدواژه :
پايداري , تحليل سلسله مراتبي , گندم آبي و ديم , گلستان
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﯿﺶﻧﯿﺎز اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮدآوري ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪت ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷـﻮد. ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار دارد. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ و آﺑﯽ در اﺳـﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎدﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ، اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي وزندﻫﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ازﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، زراﻋﺖ و ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮔﻨﺪم آﺑﯽ و دﯾﻢ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1394-95 ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻫﺪاف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد، آﻓﺖﮐﺶ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺼﺮف آب آﺑﯿﺎري ، ورود ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ آﻻت ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ( ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ دارد و ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه 0/679 ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺗﺮ از ﮔﻨﺪم آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه 0/321 اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ارزش ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات زراﻋﯽ و ﺑﯿﻤﻪ( ﮔﻨﺪم آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه 0/538 ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺗﺮ از ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري 0/462 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ )ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت، ﺳﻦ، ﺷﻐﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﻧﯿﺮوي ﮐﺎر و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﮑﻔﻞ( ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه 0/56 ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺗﺮ از ﮔﻨﺪم آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه 0/44 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﮐﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ از ﮔﻨﺪم آﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ.
ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮔﺮدد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the sustainability of rain fed and irrigated wheat products in Golestan province.
Method: The required data were collected from Golestan Agricultural Jihad Organization, Agricultural Jihad Agricultural Production Cost System and also by completing the questionnaires. Also, to weighing criteria and sub-criteria that determines the sustainability, some expert’s opinions in agricultural economics, agricultural extension and education, environment, agronomy and plant protection were used. Finally, using aggregation of economic, social and environmental indicators, the sustainability of the irrigated and rain fed wheat in Golestan province during 2015-2016 was evaluated and compared. Hierarchical analysis method was used for achieving the research purpose.
Findings: The results of this study showed that rain fed wheat in the environmental indices (fertilizer use, pesticides use, irrigation water, farm machinery and combined agriculture) with the score of 0.679is more compatible with the environment than irrigated wheat with a score of 0.331. Also, in economic indices (gross margin of agriculture, product gross margin, crop yield and insurance yield), irrigated wheat with the score of 0.538 was more sustainable than rain fed wheat, with a sustainability score of 0.462. Finally, in social indicators (level of education, age of farmers, labor sub jobs and family size), rainfed wheat with a score of 0.56 is more sustainable than irrigated wheat with a score of 0.44. In addition, the overall sustainability index indicates that rainfed wheat is more sustainable than irrigated wheat.
Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended that wheat cultivation should be promoted with dehydration-resistant species
