ارزيابي زيستي رودخانه صمصامي(استان چهارمحال و بختياري) با استفاده از ساختار جمعيت ماكروبنتوزها

The Biological Assessment of the Samsami River Using the Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiary Province)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ روشﻫﺎ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﯽ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﻒزي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻤﺼﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﯽ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﻒزي ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 7 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﺪود10ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻤﺼﺎﻣﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﮐﻒزﯾﺎن در ﯾﮏ دوره ﯾﮏﺳﺎﻟﻪ، ﻫﺮ 45روز ﯾﮏﺑﺎر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻏﻨﺎي ﮐﻞ، ﻏﻨﺎيEPT، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ EPTﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Chironomidae ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺷﺎﻧﻮن ـ وﯾﻨﺮ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﻠﺴﯿﻨﻬﻮف در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 11 راﺳﺘﻪ و 45 ﮔﺮوه )ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﺟﻨﺲ( از ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﯽ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﻒزي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻻرو ﺣﺸﺮات آﺑﺰي ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻞ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪت ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه 2 )1694±233/72( و ) 314±79/13 ( در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه 7 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. از راﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، راﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي Ephemeroptera ، Trichoptera ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي2و6 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ورود ﭘﺴﺎب ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﻨﻮع و درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻤﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﯽ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﻒزي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آبﻫﺎ راه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Background and Objective: There are different methods for assessing river water quality. One of these methods is to use the large population structure of bulk invertebrates. Accordingly, this study was carried out to evaluate the quality of water of the Smsami River using large invertebrates. Method: In this study, 7 stations were selected along the 10 km of Samsami River and sampling was done in a one-year period every 45 days. Data were collected as population measurements including total richness, EPT richness, EPT frequency ratio to Chironomidae family, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and biological index in Hallesinof family. Findings: The results of this study included 11 orders and 45 groups (family and sex) of the large invertebrates, the larvae of aquatic insects had the highest diversity and abundance. The maximum and minimum mean of total frequency per square meter during the study period was at station 2, (1694 ± 232.72) and (314.71 ± 13.7) At station 7 respectively. The dominant orders in this study were Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera. Discussion and Conclusion: Evaluations showed that in stations 2 and 6, due to the entry of rural wastewater and fish farming, the quality of river water has changed and the frequency and frequency of infected families have decreased and contaminated groups have increased. Based on this, it can be concluded that the use of the measurement of the diversity and abundance of large invertebrates as an indicator of the biological contamination of water is a good way to evaluate the water quality of the river.