كليدواژه :
موقعيت مكاني , سازگاري , دسترسي , محيط زيست , دانشگاه , تهران
چكيده فارسي :
دانشگاه به عنوان فضاي پرورش دهندۀ متخصصان آيندۀ كشور، نقشي اساسي در ساختار اجتماعي، فرهنگي و اقتصادي جامعه ايفا مي‌كند. نظام آموزشي و محتواي آموزشي از يك سو و فضاي آموزشي از سوي ديگر دو عامل مهم و مؤثر در پرورش دانشجويان محسوب مي‌گردند. از آن‌جا كه فضاهاي آموزشي يكي از مهمترين كاربري‌ها در شهرها هستند، هماهنگي با بافت‌هاي شهري از مسائل مهم طراحي فضاهاي آموزشي محسوب مي‌شود. در بسياري از شهرهاي بزرگ و متراكم، موقعيت مكاني كاربري‌هاي آموزشي به دلايل مختلف مانند قرارگيري در مجاورت كاربري‌هاي مزاحمي مثل كاربري هاي صنعتي، نظامي و واقع شدن در مكان‌هاي آلوده و يا دور بودن از امكانات رفاهي از وضعيت چندان مطلوبي برخوردار نمي‌باشد كه اين امر باعث افت كيفيت خدمات دانشگاه‌ها و تأثيرات نامطلوب بر روي دانشجويان مي‌شود. در اين تحقيق با استفاده از تجزيه و تحليل‌هاي موجود در سيستم اطلاعات مكاني به مقايسه و ارزيابي كيفيت موقعيت مكاني شش دانشگاه تهران پرداخته شده است كه عبارتاند از: دانشگاه شهيد رجايي، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي، پرديس دانشكده هاي فني دانشگاه تهران، دانشكده عمران و نقشه‌برداري دانشگاه خواجه نصيرالدين طوسي و دانشگاه اميركبير. براي يافتن شاخص‌هاي مهم از تعداد زيادي از دانشجويان اين دانشگاه‌ها نظرخواهي انجام گرفت. با توجه به نظرات ابراز شده شاخص‌هاي اين پژوهش شناسايي و در دو بعد فيزيكي و زيست محيطي تقسيم گرديد. به منظور استخراج مقادير شاخص‌ها از تصاوير ماهواره‌اي، نقشه‌هاي موجود و اطلاعات آماري استفاده شد. مقايسه و ارزيابي اهميت شاخص‌ها بر پايۀ نظرات بالغ بر 500 تن از دانشجويان اين دانشگاه‌ها صورت گرفت و در نهايت براي تلفيق نظرات از روش‌هاي تصميم‌گيري چند معياره AHP و تخمين نسبت استفاده گرديد. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه دانشگاه اميركبير در مجموع شاخص‌ها داراي بالاترين رتبه است و پس از آن به ترتيب دانشگاه‌هاي خواجه نصير، علم و صنعت، پرديس دانشكدههاي فني دانشگاه تهران، شهيد رجايي و علامه طباطبايي قرار مي‌گيرند.
چكيده لاتين :
Universities as the places of training the experts play an essential role in social, economic and cultural structure of the nations. The quality of education and the educational space are two major effective factors on the quality of training the students. Since the educational places are of the most important land-uses in the cities, the compatibility of them with other surrounded land-uses is vitally important in urban planning. In many cases the adjacency of educational places with incompatible land-uses such as military and industrial or locating in polluted areas or avoiding from necessary utilities have caused falling the learning abilities of the their students. In this research the desirability of the location of six universities of Tehran namely: K.N.Toosi university of technology, Iran university of science and Technology, Amirkabir university of technology, university of Tehran school of engineering, Shahid Rajaee University and Allameh Tabataba'i university has been evaluated and compared using the spatial analyzes in Geospatial Information System. To find the major criteria (factors), many students in those universities were asked. Based on the responses, the criteria were classified into two categories of physical and environmental. Satellite images, maps and census data were used to produce criteria maps. Evaluating and comprising between the criteria were done based on the idea of more than 500 students.
Each of considered factors is extracted from a corresponding factor map and this is the point that highlights the role of GIS. For environmental factor three maps were produced and then combined. Greenness map in this study is a map showing the NDVI index of Tehran. To produce this map, image of Landsat 7 satellite, ETM+ sensor, band 3 and 4 was used as the input. ENVI software was used for this process and NDVI obtained within a thousand meters radius around each university. For the other map processes in this study ArcGIS 10.3 software was used. Next, three factor maps were combined using Index overlay method with the equal weights and environmental index map was created. Air pollution is at the highest level in winter. Noise pollution is significantly higher in the mornings. Real greenness is better observable in summer when all the trees have leaves. Different time of gathering will not affect the results because the relative conditions of the target universities are fairly constant during the process of collecting data.
To prepare physical index map, accessibility and compatibility of surrounded land-uses must be determined. Accessibility was extracted from a 1:2000 map of Tehran using OD-cost matrix in ArcGIS software. To generate compatibility, land-uses around the target universities were determined and their compatibility with university land-use was compared pair-wisely. The compatibilities expressed in five levels. Levels of compatibility have then been assigned different weight based on previous studies.
Once the values of factors obtained, they were be combined to get the final index. However, the weights of each criterion must be assigned. AHP as a multicriteria decision making method and ratio estimation method were used for this task. At last, the final index for desirability of the location of target universities achieved by combining sub-criteria.
The results of this research revealed that the location of Amirkabir University achieved the more desirability of location. After that K.N.Toosi, university of science and technology, university of Tehran school of engineering, Shahid Rajaee university and finally Allameh Tabataba'I stand on the next ranks.
