كليدواژه :
آزمون من-كندال , تخمين‌گر شيب سن , شاخص كيفي آب , پهنه‌بندي , دشت همدان-بهار
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، روﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ آن در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾﮋهاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ و زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ و ﭘﻬﻨﻪ-ﺑﻨﺪي آن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ دﺷﺖ ﻫﻤﺪان-ﺑﻬﺎر اﺳﺖ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب، ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي آن از داده-ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ دﺷﺖ ﻫﻤﺪان-ﺑﻬﺎر در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1384 ﺗﺎ 1393 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ آب ﺷﺎﻣﻞ SO4 ،Na ،TDS، THو pH در 25 ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﭼﺎه اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي دو آزﻣﻮن ﻏﯿﺮﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﻦ-ﮐﻨﺪال و ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦﮔﺮ ﺷﯿﺐ ﺳﻦ، وﺟﻮد روﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري 95 و 99 درﺻﺪ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب )WQI، WQIAmerican وCWQI( ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و از روش ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺟﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﯾﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ )GIS(، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش درونﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب از ﻣﯿﺎن روشﻫﺎي درونﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ )LPI ،RBF ،IDW و GPI( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 4 درﺻﺪ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ داراي روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار، 12درﺻﺪ داراي روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار و 84 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺪون روﻧﺪ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ دﺷﺖ ﻫﻤﺪان-ﺑﻬﺎر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي WQI، WQIAmerican و CWQI ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺧﻮب، ﺧﻮب و ﺑﺪ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ.
ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ درونﯾﺎﺑﯽ، روش RBF ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺖ و از دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺧﻄﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻟﺬا درونﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ روش ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ WQI ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دوره آﻣﺎري 10 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﮐﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ دﺷﺖ ﯾﮏ روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objective: Awareness of the quality of groundwater resources in the planning and sustainability management of water resources is a particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the Spatial and temporal variations in groundwater quality, to select the best index and its
zoning for managing the groundwater resources of Hamedan-Bahar plain.
Method: In this study, to determine the process of changes in water quality parameters, the groundwater quality indices and its zoning were used from the chemical data of the groundwater of Hamedan-Bahar plain in the period 2005 to 2014. The physical and chemical parameters of water including TDS, Na, SO4, TH and pH were measured in 25 wells and by applying two non-parametric, Mann-Kendall tests and estimating the Sen's slope, the existence of a significant trend for the annual time series was evaluated at 95 and 99% significance level. Water Quality indices (WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI) were evaluated annually and Giljanovic comparison method was used to compare the indices. Then, by using the GIS, the most appropriate interpolation method (from among IDW, RBF,
LPI and GPI) was selected to zoning the best water quality index.
Findings: The results of this study showed that 4% of the qualitative variables had a significant increase, 12% had a significant decrease and 84% without a trend. Based on the existing conditions, groundwater quality of Hamedan-Bahar plain was characterized by good, good and bad grades using
WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI indices respectively.
Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of comparing different interpolation methods, RBF method was superior to other methods, and it has high accuracy and low error. Therefore, the interpolation was carried out with this method. In the end, the comparison the spatial zoning maps of the WQI index showed that at the beginning and the end of the 10-year statistical period, the index had
a decreasing trend in the whole plain.
