ﻧﮑﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي از ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار

Critical Notes on Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development

ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞزداﯾﯽ، ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪن زﻣﯿﻦ، آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، اﻧﻘﺮاض ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎنزداﯾﯽ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﺮي در ﻃﻮل ﻗﺮنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺗﮑﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﻣﮑﺎن و زﻣﺎن ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺸﺮي، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻧﺴﻞ ﻫﺎي آﯾﻨﺪه را ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮق ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﮔﺎم ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪي ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ اﻣﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ ﮐﻔﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع را ﻧﮑﺮده اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ و زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ-ﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪاﻧﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻋـﺪاﻟﺖ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻣﻮاردي ﻣﺜﻞ اﺣﺘﺮام ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و اﺣﺘﺮام ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ دارد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺮده ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﯽ و ﺳﻌﺎدت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻘﻂ در ﺟﻮ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن اﺣﺘﺮام ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ، دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﺳﺖ.

The international community is increasingly facing environmental problems such as deforestation, global warming, environmental pollution, species extinction and desertification, and more. The development of human society over the centuries has been such that it cannot rely solely on the environment. In this regard, economic, scientific and technological development is formed in space and time. In the course of this development, according to human concerns, sustainability is an issue that guarantees the rights of future generations. Although the frameworks of solidarity law have also taken great strides in this direction, the appropriate conditions have not been sufficient in any way. Hence, the spatial and temporal nature of human development has raised concerns about human rights and the environment. Using conceptual analysis, this article critically examines the concepts of environmental justice and sustainable development and proves that development is meaningful in terms of issues such as respect for the environment and respect for human rights against the environment. This article concludes that global happiness and prosperity can only be achieved in an atmosphere of understanding between nations on the basis that the protection of the environment and its sustainability is a matter of respect for environmental rights. Therefore, one of the suggestions of this article is to establish efforts related to sustainable development based on environmental justice.