فنولوژي گونه‌هاي ‌Ferula ovinia و Poa bulbosa و بهترين زمان ورود و خروج دام در مرتع گوراب اصفهان

Phenology of Ferula Ovinia and Poa Bulbosa Species and Time of Livestock Entry to and Exit from Rangeland in Goorab of Isfahan Province

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ و اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ Ferula ovinia و Poa bulbosa از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪاي و ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺧﺎك از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ زﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ورود و ﺧﺮوج دام از ﻣﺮﺗﻊ، درﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﮔﻮراب اﺻﻔﻬﺎن در 35 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻏﺮب ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺮﯾﺪوﻧﺸﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 4 ﺳﺎل )1392-1395( ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ده ﭘﺎﯾﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 7 روزه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ روﯾﺸﯽ و 15 روزه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ زاﯾﺸﯽ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي و در ﻓﺮم وﯾﮋهاي ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻢزﻣﺎن آﻣﺎر ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ روزاﻧﻪ از اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: رﺷﺪ روﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Ferula ovinia از اواﺧﺮ اﺳﻔﻨﺪ آﻏﺎز و ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ ﺧﺮداد اداﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. دوره ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ اواﯾﻞ ﺧﺮداد آﻏﺎز و ﺗﺎ اواﺧﺮ ﺧﺮداد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل اﻧﺠﺎﻣﯿﺪ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﺬر از اواﺳﻂ ﺧﺮداد آﻏﺎز و ﺗﺎ اواﺧﺮ ﺗﯿﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪ. در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Poa bulbosa رﺷﺪ روﯾﺸﯽ از اواﺧﺮ اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺷﺮوع و ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ ﺧﺮداد اداﻣﻪ داﺷﺖ. دوره ﮔﻞدﻫﯽ از اواﯾﻞ ﺧﺮداد ﺷﺮوع و ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ ﺧﺮداد اداﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﺬر از اواﺳﻂ ﺧﺮداد ﺷﺮوع و ﺗﺎ اواﯾﻞ ﺗﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن رﺳﯿﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﺑﺮوز ﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﮑﺎن ﻓﺮاﻫ ﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ و دﻣﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ. ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن و ورود و ﺧﺮوج ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﺮوز ﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪي Poa bulbosa ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در آﺧﺮ اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ و اواﯾﻞ ﺧﺮداد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و زﻣﺎن ﺧﺮوج دام ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ وﺟﻮد ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﮔﻮﻧﻪي Ferula ovina ﮐﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪن )ﺷﺮوع ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن( ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده دام ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ ﺷﻬﺮﯾﻮر )ﻣﺸﺮوط ﺑﺮ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﻌﺪاد دام ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ(، اداﻣﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ.

Background and Objective: Phenological study is one of the important factors in optimal management of vegetation utilization. Ferula ovinia and Poa bulbosa are valuable rangeland species regarding to forage production and controlling soil erosion. In this research, an appropriate time for livestock entering to and exiting from the Goorab rangeland in 35th kilometers west of Fereydoun Shahr city, was carried out during four years (2014-2017). Method: In this research, ten plant bases were selected and information about the phonological stages for each base in the 7-day period during the growth phase and 15 days in the reproductive phase were measured and recorded at the special form. At the same time, meteorological statistics were collected from meteorological station adjacent the project site. Findings: Growing of the Ferula ovinia was started in mid-March, and continued until early-June. Flowering stems was started in late May and continued until mid-June. Seeds formations were begun in early-June and completed in late July. Growing of the Poa bulbosa was started in mid-March, and continued until early-June. Flowering stems was started in late May and continued until early-June. Seeds formations were begun in early-June and until the end of in late June. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that according to the species behavior in the occurrence of biological phenomena in the different years of study, the best entrance and departure time should be specified based on physiologic phenomena in the specie of Poa bulbosa which the best time can be late May and mid-May. The time of departure of the livestock could also be continued till mid-September due to the existence of dried Ferula ovina which is used by livestock in the summer if the number of livestock has been observed based on livestock capacity.