بررسي نقش سرمايه اجتماعي در حفاظت محيط زيست شهر ايلام

Investigating the Role of Social Capital in Environmental Protection in Ilam City

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﻪﺳﺰاﯾﯽ دارد و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﻓﺮاد و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ دارد. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ در ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﻼم ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﺳﺎل 1396اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﻼم ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 383 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪروش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ اي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/879 ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Lisrel اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ اي و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد. اﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ راﺑﻄﻪ اي ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف از ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ، ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺗﻌﺎون ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽرود.

Background and Objective: The relationship between the environment and social capital is one of the newest subjects which have attracted the attention of the environmental researchers. Scholars believe that the levels of social capital have a significant effect on the environmental behaviors and the protection of the environment, and the environmental behaviors of people and their tendency to maintain the environment depend on personalities, conditions and social capacities in a society. In other words, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the role of social capital in protecting the environment in Ilam City. Methodology: The method used in this study is analytical-descriptive. The statistical population includes the residents of Ilam City, and 383 of them were chosen as the sample using Cochran's Formula, and they were given the questionnaires by Stratified Random Sampling Method. To gather the required data, the researcher-made questionnaire was used whose validity and reliability were confirmed by experts and by Cronbach's alpha, which was calculated to be 0.879. To analyze the data, correlation and regression tests in LISREL application were used. Findings: The findings reveal that there is a positive significant relationship between the social capital and protecting the environment. Furthermore, there is a positive significant relationship between the components of the relational capital and cognitive capital and protecting the environment. However, there is no relationship between the component of structural capital and protecting the environment. Discussion and Conclusions: In order to realize the predetermined objectives of protecting the environment with the least amount of expenses and the most cooperation based on trust and affinity, social capital in the society is of utmost importance. The higher the social capital in a community, the higher the willingness and tendency to protect the environment in that community.