مقايسه‌ي روش‌هاي ارزشگذاري مشروط و هزينه سفر در برآورد ارزش تفرجي كاركردهاي تفريحي، گردشگري و زيبائي‌شناختي پارك ملي بمو

Comparison of Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods to Estimate Outdoor Recreation Value of Recreation, Tourism and Aesthetic Function of Bamou National Park

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 92/08/01 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 96/06/15 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ارزش ﮔﺬاري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎ و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﺎزاري ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻞ زﯾﺎدي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ و اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ، اراﯾﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰان، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردن ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻧﻘﺶ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از رﻓﺎه اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ارزش ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺤﯽ، ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي و زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻤﻮ واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس اﯾﺮان از دو روش ارزش ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺮوط و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدن 315 ﻋﺪد ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎرك ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮآوردﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻮدن، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎرك، ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر، ﺗﻌﺪاد دﻓﻌﺎت ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ، اﺧﻼق ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ، درآﻣﺪ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، وﺟﻮد ﻣﻮزه و ﻧﯿﺰ وﺟﻮد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﻫﻮ، ﮔﺮگ، ﻗﻮچ وﺣﺸﯽ و دال ﺳﯿﺎه از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ )WTP( ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن از ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻤﻮ در ﺳﺎل 1390 ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺎن ﮔﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ WTP اﻧﺘﻈﺎري ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﮔﺮا و اﺧﻼق ﮔﺮا ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ از ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻤﻮ، ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 51397 و 61028 رﯾﺎل ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ارزش ﺗﻔﺮﺟﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎرك، ﺑﻪ روش ارزش ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺮوط و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدل 1/085 و 1/975 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد رﯾﺎل در ﺳﺎل 1390 ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ روش ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺑﺎزار و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ آﺷﮑﺎرﺷﺪه، ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد و ﻧﯿﺰ 90/7 % از ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﭘﺎرك ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ و ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻧﻈﺮي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﺳﻨﺠﯽ اﯾﺪه آل ﺑﻮده، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي روش ارزش ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺮوط در ارزش ﮔﺬاري ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻤﻮ در ﺳﺎل 1390 ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objective: Valuation of functions and Non-Market services of environment are important for many reasons such as identifying and understanding the environmental and ecological benefits by humans, presentation of environmental issues to decision makers and planners, providing link between economic policies and natural revenues and assess the role and importance of environmental resources in support of human welfare and sustainable development. Methods: In this study, recreational value of Bamou Park is estimated and measured with using two methods of contingent value and travel cost. For this purpose, 315 questionnaires from visitor to extract the required data have been matched. Findings: Based on estimated results, variables: inhabitance, distance from park, first visit, number of visit, Deontologist, education, travel cost, visitors income, museum existence, and existence of Animal species such as deer, wolf, wild ram and cinereous vulture is effective variable on willingness to pay of visitor in 2011. Results show that monthly expected willingness to pay of consequentialist and deontologist visitors is 51397 and 61028 Rial respectively. Finally, recreational value of Bamou Park estimated in 2 methods is 1.085 and 1.975 Billion Rial respectively in 2011. Discussion and Conclusion: Since that travel cost method used market price information and revealed willingness to pay and also 90.7 percentages of visitors are Zone inhabitance and travel cost function was ideal form econometrics theoretical aspect, preferred using travel cost method instead of contingent value method to valuating the Bamou National Park in 2011.