آسيب شناسي عدم پذيرش كشاورزي حفاظتي در استان كرمانشاه با استفاده از مدل پاردايمي

Pathology of Non- Acceptance Conservation Agriculture in Kermanshah Province by Using Paradigm Model

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﭘﯿﺶ روي ﺣﻮزه ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ؛ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺧﺎك، ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ ﺳﻤﻮم و ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎرهاي ﺟﺰ روي آوردن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻠﯿﺮﻏﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺮوﯾﺠﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ، اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ از ﺳﻮي ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ و اﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﻤﺎري از ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ را ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻋﺪم ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن دﻓﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﻮد. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﻣﺪل ﭘﺎرداﯾﻤﯿﮏ ﮔﺮﻧﺪد ﺗﺌﻮري اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯽﺷﻤﺎري وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎي دوﻟﺘﯽ، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻋﺪم دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات و ..... ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ... و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزان در ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد و روﯾﺎروﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰان و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺰاران اﻣﺮ ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري دورهﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ.

Background and Objective: Problems facing the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province, such as; emissions of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers have caused that in this province and there is no choice but to turn to conservation agriculture. Despite promotional activities and programs to promote conservation agriculture, this has not been well received by farmers, and there are only a handful of farmers who use conservation agriculture. Therefore, the present study deals with the pathology of non-acceptance of conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province. Method: The research community in this research is the experts in the Agricultural conservation Office in Jihad Agricultural Organization of Kermanshah Province. Identification of the samples was done purposefully and using sampling with maximum diversity. The data gathering tool was interviewed and data analysis was content analysis and paradigm model of grounded theory. Findings: The results showed that there are countless factors that prevented farmers from accepting agricultural conservation, including factors such as lack of government support, economic and cultural problems, lack of access to equipment, etc. Discussion: Considering to findings research on the existence of supportive, economic and cultural barriers and the inability of farmers to deal with these dilemmas and problems., Therefore, it is recommended that planners and policymakers extension and develop agricultural conservation by removing barriers and holding suitable training courses and field visits to extension of agricultural conservation.