پديد آورندگان :
جعفري نوبخت، فاطمه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺪان - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﻪ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ , چراغي، مهرداد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺪان - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﻪ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ , لرستاني، بهاره داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻫﻤﺪان - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﻪ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ
كليدواژه :
پسماندها , نخاله‌هاي ساختماني , مكان‌يابي محل دفن , سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS) وAHP
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: رﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ رهآوردﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻣﻮاد زاﯾﺪ و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ را ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ از زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻊ آن، ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ دارﻧﺪ. از آنﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺣﺠﯿﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﻓﻀﺎي زﯾﺎدي را اﺷﻐﺎل ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﻟﺬا دﻓﻊ آنﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎي دﻓﻦ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﮑﺎن ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ دﻓﻦ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺿﺮورت ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.
روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﺮاي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﮑﺎن ﺟﺪﯾﺪ دﻓﻦ ﻣﻮاد زاﯾﺪ، ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪي ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه و وﻗﺖﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎ و ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ اﺳﺖ، ﭼﻨﺎنﭼﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از GIS و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺎن را ﺑﺮاي دﻓﻦ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، 16 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر )ﺷﯿﺐ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ، ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ، ﺗﺠﺎري و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ، راهﻫﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 3 ﻻﯾﻪ ﺑﺰرگراه، راه اﺻﻠﯽ و راه ﻓﺮﻋﯽ(، آبﻫﺎ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 6 ﻻﯾﻪ ﭼﺎه، ﭼﺸﻤﻪ، ﻗﻨﺎت، رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﺪ و آبراﻫﻪ(، آﺛﺎر ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه و ﻣﻌﺎدن( در اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ دﺧﯿﻞاﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﯾﻢ و ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ، اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﯾﺎ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. وزندﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Expert Choice و ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ )AHP( ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎره ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ در ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ 16 ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ دﺧﯿﻞ در ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ در ﻧﺮم ﻓﺰار 9.3 ArcGIS، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ دﻓﻦ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽِ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﻤﺪان، اﻏﻠﺐ در ﯾﮏ ﻗﺎچ 90 درﺟﻪاي و در ﺷﺮق ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﻤﺪان واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives: Population growth, urban development, and increased human activities will bring various outcomes, including the production and accumulation of waste, followed by environmental pollution. In developing countries, construction waste accounts for a large proportion of municipal waste, which in addition to the high cost of disposal, also has adverse effects on the environment. Because construction debris takes up a lot of space due to its bulk, disposing of it in landfills reduces the useful life of these areas and it is necessary to find a new place to bury construction debris.
Method: Searching for a new landfill is a complex and time consuming process and requires a capable and efficient system, as using GIS and combining different layers of information and considering environmental, social and economic criteria, the most suitable landfill can be found. Located a building. In the present study, 16 criteria (slope, land use, residential, commercial and industrial centers, villages, roads (including 3 layers of highways, main roads and side roads), water (including 6 layers of wells, springs, aqueducts, Rivers, dams and waterways), antiquities, airport runways and mines) are involved in the location process, so that privacy and distance maps are prepared first ,then, in order to achieve more reliability, scoring the classes or parameter intervals was done in three ways. Criteria were weighted using Expert Choice software and hierarchical analysis (AHP).
Findings: The results of the three types of scoring to multi-criteria analysis showed that there were significant differences in the results of different methods of scoring.
Discussion and Conclusions: The results of combining 16 parameters involved in site selection in software Arc GIS9.3 showed that the appropriate zones for construction and demolition wastes buried in Hamadan, often are located in a 90-degree slice.
