ارزيابي تناسب اراضي براي كاربري توسعه شهري شهرستان مشكين‌شهر با استفاده از رويكرد فازي-تحليل سلسله مراتبي و GIS

Land Suitability Evaluation for Urban Development in Meshkin-shahr using Fuzzy-AHP approachand GIS

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪود و ﺑﺪون ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺳﺒﺐ دﺳﺖاﻧﺪازي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮدن آنﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده درﺳﺖ از ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﮑﯿﻦﺷﻬﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﯿﺐ، ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از راه ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﮔﺴﻞﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ،ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ، اﻗﻠﯿﻢ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ ﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي، وزندﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ روش ﻓﺎزي اﻧﺠﺎم و در اداﻣﻪ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺧﻄﯽ وزﻧﯽ روﯾﻬﻢ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، درﺻﺪ ﺷﯿﺐ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ راه ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ از ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮي در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻮان اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 584/99 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )15/62%( از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ، 946/24 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ مربع (25/26%) داراي تناسب متوسط، 1809/86 كيلومتر مربع (48/33%) داراي تناسب زياد و403/6 كيلومتر مربع 10/77%) داراي تناسب خيلي زياد براي توسعه شهري است بحث ونتيجهگيري: بر اساس نتايج قسمتهاي مركزي شهرستان مشكين شهر از بيش ترين پتانسيل براي توسعه شهري برخوردار است و ساير قسمت هاي شهرستان با اجراي فرآيند آمايش سرزمين بهتر است به كاربري ديگري تعلق گيرد.

Background and Objective: Nowadays, many cities have caused the destruction of natural environments due to their unplanned and unlimited expansion in our country. Land capability evaluation can be an effective step in planning for the proper use of the land. In this research, Meshkin-shahr town was selected for urban development ecological capability evaluation due to exposure to environmental hazards. Method: Then, main criteria including slope, height, aspect, and distance from main road, distance from active faults, distance from river, land use, climate and distance from urban settlements were selected. Weighing to criteria was done using analytical hierarchy process and standardization was implemented with fuzzy method and then in the environment of the geographical information system of the layers was combined with the linear weighting process and the map of the appropriateness of urban development was prepared. Then, the layers were overlaid with weighted linear combination model in ARC/GIS and land suitability map of urban development was prepared. Findings: Based on the results, slope and accessibility to main road have great role in urban development ecological capability evaluation of the town. Also, based on results 584.99km2 (15.62%) are not proper, 946.24 km2 (25.26%) have medium suitability, 1809.86 km2 (48.33%) have high suitability and 403.6 km2 (10.77%) have very high suitability for urban development in Meshkin-Shahr town. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on results central area in Meshkin shahr town have the highest potential for urban development and the other area should assign to another landuse by implementation of land use planning process.