بررسي اصول طراحي ساختمان هاي مسكوني در اقليم معتدل و مرطوب با رويكرد تهويه طبيعي (نمونه موردي: تحليل بازشو شبيه سازي شده در بناي مسكوني در شهر آمل)

Study of the design principles of residential buildings in a moderate and humid climate with a natural ventilation approach (Case study: Analysis of simulated openings of a residential building in Amol city)

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻧﺒﻮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ از اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از ﭘﺘ ﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪر رﻓﺖ اﻧﺮژي و اﯾﺠﺎد ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﯾﺎد در آﻣﻞ و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ زﯾﺎد ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ، ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﺎزﺷﻮي ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: درﮔﺎم ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ و اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺑﻨﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در ﺣﻮزه اﻧﺮژي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻓﺎﯾﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ آﻣﻞ از ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Climate Consultant، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ Expert choice ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ AHP ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ وزن ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Flow Design ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﯿﺒﺪار ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: 7 ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺟﺪاول ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Climate Consultant اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ AHP ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ وزن 0/399 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪي اﯾﺴﺘﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﯾﮏ اﻟﮕﻮي اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و داراي ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﯿﺒﺪار در اﻗﻠﯿﻢ آﻣﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ دو ﺑﺎزﺷﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 1 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ روي دو دﯾﻮاري ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع 2/7 ﻣﺘﺮي روﺑﺮوي ﻫﻢ در دو ارﺗﻔﺎع 1 و 1/7 ﻣﺘﺮي از ﮐﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن 4 ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Flow Design ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ . در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮي در ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﺎد ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﻪ دو دﯾﻮار ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ از ﺑﯿﻦ 4 ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه، دو ﺑﺎزﺷﻮي زﯾﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺳﺎزه اي در ارﺗﻔﺎع 1/7 ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺑﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 1/19 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮدش ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻘﻮل در ﺑﻨﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Background and Objective: Inattention to the climatic features of different regions and the absence of sufficient knowledge of the design principles for optimal use of the potentials of the natural environment leads to higher costs and waste of energy in various fields. Accordingly, due to high humidity in Amol and high cost of ventilation and reduction of moisture in summer, the main objective of this research is to examine and analyze the simulated openings of a residential building with a natural ventilation approach. Method: the present study was carried out in the first step by reviewing the subject literature on this issue and identifying the concepts and principles of residential building design in the field of energy. Then, by supplying the climate information file of Amol from the Weather Meteorology Center for the Climate Consultant software, Design elements were presented. Subsequently, the components were analyzed by Expert Choice software based on the AHP method and computation of component weight led to the final decision in choosing the most important component. Finally, with the simulation of the building in the Flow Design software, the impact of natural ventilation on residential slopes was investigated. Findings: seven components were extracted from the above software as principles of the design and tables of climate interpretation. In the following, with the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), a natural ventilation component with a weight of 0.399 was found to be the main component of the static solar power system. Discussion and conclusion: A natural ventilation pattern was designed in a building with a sloping roof and specific dimensions in the Amol climate. By changing the layout of two 1-square-meter openings on two walls with a height of 2.7 meters in opposite directions at two heights of 1 and 1.7 meters from the floor of the building, 4 airflow modes were simulated with regard to the wind speed of the area in the Flow Design software. In this simulation, by placing the wind tunnel perpendicular to two walls, it can be stated that the best natural ventilation efficiency from these four conditions, is the one with two under-roof structures at 1.7-meter height with the highest wind-suction coefficient of 1.19, which will make a reasonable ventilation and air flow in the simulated residential building.