چكيده فارسي :
يكي از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻬﺮهوري آب آنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺸﺖ آب ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن زاﺑﻞ در 5 روﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ راﻫﺪار ، ﭼﺮك ، ﺣﺎﺟﯽ آﺑﺎد، ﭘﯿﺮان ﺗﯿﻤﻮرآﺑﺎد ﺷﯿﺨﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري از روش ﺟﺴﻢ ﺷﻨﺎور اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻖ آب آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺰارع ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل، ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ از زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 1m×1m ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﺑﺎرزي از ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪي ﻗﻮي و ﺿﻌﯿﻒ از دو زﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﻫﺮ روﺳﺘﺎ )دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﻮي و ﺿﻌﯿﻒ در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﻣﺰارع در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ ( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﺮده و ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﺳﺘﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و داﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ زﻣﯿﻦ وزن ﺷﺪه و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻄﻠﻮب )WUEM( ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺸﺖ آب ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن زاﺑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1/03 و 1/08 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺿﻌﯿﻒ )WUEL( ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺸﺖ آب ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن زاﺑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 0/72 و 0/64 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟﻮ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف آب، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﺑﻮدن اﻗﻠﯿﻢ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري، آﻓﺎت و ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎ، ﮐﻮد و ﺧﺎك دارد .
چكيده لاتين :
Water productivity is a key factor for identifying the agricultural systems appropriate for arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to identify the effectiveness of wheat and barley`s water usage in Poshteab district of Sistan. This field research included 5 villages of Rahdar, Cherk, Hajiabad, Piran and Teymurabad sheykhi. To calculate the volume of irrigation in channels, the float method was used. Moreover, the depth of irrigation in farms were determined. A piece of land as the prominent sample was selected for harvesting which had 1m×1m dimensions. Two other powerful and weak samples were selected from two different lands in every village (in some cases the two samples were beside each other) and were harvested. When wheat samples were dried, the separation process was done manually. Every land`s seeds were weighted and their yield was evaluated. All in all, the average efficiency of water usage effectiveness of wheat and barley in Poshteab district of Sistan were 1.03 and 1.08 kg/m3, respectively. Additionally, the average efficiency of weak usage of Wheat and barley in Poshteab districs of Sistan were 0.72 and 0.64 kg/m3, respectively. Moreover, the functional chart of wheat and barley yield along with the depth of used water indicated that increasing the wheat and barley `s yielding, not only depended on water use, but also it depended on the irrigation management, calamities, fertilizers and soil, considering the same climates in the region.
