ارزيابي خواص آنتي اكسيداني و تركيبات فنلي ژنوتيپ هاي مختلف انبه (Mangifera indica L) جنوب ايران

Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Different Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Southern Iran

انبه از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﻮهﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺴﯿﺮي دﻧﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﯽ و ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد و ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 29 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ از اﻧﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻨﻮب اﯾﺮان ﺟﻤﻊ آور ي و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻮاص آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﻨﻠﯽ و ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪي در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه زﯾﺴﺖﻓﻨﺎوري ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺒﻪ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻧﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ، ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ و ﺧﻮاص آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ )176/65 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮔﺮم ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﯿ ﺪرو اﻟﮑﻠﯽ و 122/15 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮔﺮم ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﯿﺪرو اﻟﮑﻠﯽ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻫﻠﻮ و ﺧﻨﯿﺰي ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ )11/232 و 10/664 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮔﺮم ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﯿﺪر و اﻟﮑﻠﯽ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي زاﭘﺎك و ﺧﻨﯿﺰي ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻮاص آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ) 55/240 و 50/873 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم در ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻫﻠﻮ و ﺧﺎروﺳﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻧﺒﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ )76/679 و 65/126 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮔﺮم ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﯿﺪرو اﻟﮑﻠﯽ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ و رودان ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻨﻞ )6/4783 و 6/4534 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ رودان و ﻣﻨﻮﺟﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻮاص آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧ ﯽ )43/144 و 42/673 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم در ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ رودان و ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺼﺎره، ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ، 64 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﮔﺮم در ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. در ﮐﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻧﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ رودان و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻮا ص آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﯿﺪرواﻟﮑﻠﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Mango is one of the most important tropical fruits in the world. It has many phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants. Therefore, 29 genotypes of native mangoes in different regions of in southern of Iran (Kerman and Hormozgan) were collected and evaluated based on the amount of antioxidant, phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Zabol in 2017. The results of analysis of variance showed that different mango genotypes and mango collection regions were affected on phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant properties. The most amount of flavonoids (176.65 mg/g of hydro alcoholic extract and 122.15 mg/g of hydro alcoholic extract) belonged to helov and Kn genotypes, respectively. The most phenol (11.232 and 10.664 mg/g of hydro alcoholic extract) belonged to Zapak and Kn genotypes. The most antioxidant properties (55.240 and 50.873 micrograms per milliliter) belonged to helov and kharvst genotypes, respectively. Based on the area where the mangoes were collected, the most amount of flavonoids (76.679 and 65.126 mg/g of hydro alcoholic extract) belonged to the mango genotypes of Jiroft and Rodan. The most phenol (6.4783 and 6.4534 mg/kg of fresh weight) belonged to Rodan and Manojan mango genotypes, respectively. The highest antioxidant properties (43.144 and 42.667 μg/ml) belonged to Rodan and Jiroft mango genotypes, respectively. Among the different concentrations of the extract, the most effective concentration was 64 μg/ml. Overall, the results showed that Mangoes in Rodan and Jiroft area had the highest antioxidant properties and increased their antioxidant properties by increasing the concentration of hydro alcoholic extract.