قوه موسس و ماهيت جمهوري اسلامي درآستانه تاسيس

The constituent power and nature of the Islamic Republic on the eve of its establishment

اصل اول قانون اساسي،حكومت ايران را«جمهوري اسلامي»،ومبناي آن را اراده ملت (قوه موسس) اعلام كرده كه در همه پرسي فروردين ماه1358 ابراز شده است. فرآيند تاسيس و استقرارحقوقي جمهوري اسلامي ايران،سه مرحله تعيين جمهوري اسلامي به عنوان رژيم سياسي با راي مستقيم مردم،تاسيس ساختارجمهوري اسلامي درقانون اساسي مصوب نمايندگان مردم، وتصويب نهايي قانون اساسي با راي مستقيم مردم را طي كرده است.اين پژوهش،با اتكا و استناد به منابع و متون دسته اول كتابخانه اي و با روش مقايسه اي ، بركشف مقصود قوه موسس تا مقطع مرحله نخست ازسطح تاسيس يعني«تعيين جمهوري اسلامي به عنوان رژيم سياسي»متمركزشده و برآن است تاماهيت «جمهوري اسلامي موعود» را باارجاع به آراء امام خميني- به مثابه مظهر اعلاي اراده ملت(قوه موسس)- در بازه زماني منتهي به همه پرسي تعيين نظام،واكاوي كند. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان داده است «جمهوريت» در نظام موعود جمهوري اسلامي، قابل تطبيق با هيچ يك از انواع جمهوري هاي متداول امروزي ازجمله جمهوري هاي -اصطلاحا -دموكراتيك نيست و قيد «اسلاميت» اين نظام نيز ، ركن ماهوي حكومت را (از حيث تقييد رييس حكومت به قانون) به نحوي متفاوت از جمهوري هاي دموكراتيك جلوه گرمي كند.

The first principle of the constitution declares the government of Iran to be the "Islamic Republic", and its basis is the will of the nation (founding power), which was expressed in the referendum of April 1979. The process of establishment and legal establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran has gone through three stages of determining the Islamic Republic as a political regime by direct popular vote, establishing the structure of the Islamic Republic in the constitution approved by the people's representatives, and finalizing the constitution by direct popular vote. The sources and texts of the first category of libraries and with a comparative method, focus on discovering the purpose of the founding power up to the first stage of the founding level, ie "determining the Islamic Republic as a political regime" As a manifestation of the supreme will of the nation (founding power) - to investigate in the period leading up to the referendum to determine the system. Research findings have shown that "republic" in the promised system of the Islamic Republic is not compatible with any of the common types of republics today, including the so-called - democratic republics, and the term "Islamism" of this system is the essential element of government (in terms of The adherence of the head of state to the law) differs from democratic republics in a different way.