كوويد 91 و نابرابري اجتماعي: با تأكيد بر شكاف ديجيتالي

Covid 19 and Social Inequality: emphasizing the digital divide

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، اﺛﺮات ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19 را ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﮏ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﮐﻠﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ، ﻓﺮض ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي و ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19ﺑﺮ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﺛﺮات ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪي دارﻧﺪ. ﭼﻮن ﭘﯿﺸﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ، ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﺳﻠﺒﯽ - اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ و ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻮع اﯾﺠﺎﺑﯽ - ﻋﻤﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺟﺮاي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ، در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪت و ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻣﺘﻀﺮرﯾﻦ و ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻌﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺎي ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ و ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ .از اﯾﻦ رو، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19 را در ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻐﻞ و درآﻣﺪ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت درون ﮐﺸﻮري و ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﻮري ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻔﺤﺺ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. در ﮐﻞ، ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺷﯿﻮع ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ در و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در اﺛﺮات ﺗﺒﻌﯿﻀﯽ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺷﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺷﮑﺎل ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﺎف ﻧﯿﺮوي ﮐﺎر و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻓﻘﺮ و ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ي ﻫﺎ اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. درﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﺠﺎزي، ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺷﮑﺎل ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19 و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات درازﻣﺪت آن، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.

This paper examines the effects of Covid 19 on inequalities based on various available data and available studies and analyses. Based on a general and theoretical rule as well as empirical contexts, it assumes that inequality and Covid 19 have intensifying effects on each other. Because events, whether negative-incidental such as pervasive diseases or positive-intentional type such as the implementation of policies and programs, in unequal structures in terms of severity and extent of victims and beneficiaries have disparate effects and generally deepen existing inequalities. Therefore, this study examines the effects of Covid 19 in interacting with important dimensions such as employment and income and previous contexts such as the economic and social base of individuals within and between countries. At the same time, in the age of cyberspace, the intensification of other forms of inequality has taken place mainly through the digital divide. Finally, it proposes policy recommendations to improve the situation, given the prevalence of Covid 19 and its long-term effects.