شناسايي و اولويت‌بندي شاخص‌هاي مؤثر در عدم مشاركت جوامع روستايي در طرح‌هاي بيابانزدايي (مطالعه موردي: منطقه موسيان، شهرستان دهلران، استان ايلام)

Identification and Prioritization of Effective Indicators on Preventing Sustainable Participation of Rural Societies in Combating Desertification Plans (Case Study: Mousian Region, Dehloran)

عدم مشاركت مطلوب جوامع محلي يكي از دلايل اصلي بازدهي كم طرح‌ها و پروژه‌هاي منابع طبيعي مي‌باشد. در اين تحقيق، پس از تعيين معيارها و شاخص‌هاي مؤثر در عدم مشاركت مردمي، اقدام به تدوين پرسش‌نامه و تعيين روايي آن توسط كارشناسان مربوطه گرديد. سپس با استفاده از فرمول كوكران تعداد 189 خانوار از 5 روستاي شهرستان دهلران انتخاب گرديد. براي تحليل داده‌ها از روش تحليل فرايند سلسله مراتبي (AHP) و آزمون ناپارامتريك فريدمن استفاده شد. اولويت‌بندي شاخص‌ها از ديدگاه كارشناسان نشان مي‌دهد كه معيارهاي طراحي- اجرايي و آموزشي-ترويجي به ترتيب بيشينه و كمينه اولويت را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. رتبه‌بندي معيارها با استفاده از آزمون فريدمن از نظر ساكنين روستا نيز نشان داد كه معيارهاي اقتصادي و آموزشي- ترويجي بيشترين و كمترين رتبه را دارند. همچنين، رتبه‌بندي شاخص‌هاي مؤثر در عدم مشاركت مبتني بر آزمون فريدمن از ديدگاه كارشناسان و ساكنين روستا، نشان مي‌دهد كه در معيار اقتصادي، شاخص «ناديده گرفتن درآمد مردم به عنوان انگيزه اقتصادي مستقيم در اجراي طرح‌ها»، در معيار طراحي- اجرايي از ديدگاه كارشناسان شاخص «نبود برنامه مديريت جامع مشاركت محور با هدف بيابانزدايي» و از ديدگاه ساكنين روستا «عدم توجه به نظرات مردمي در مراحل طراحي و تدوين پروژه‌ها» و در معيار اجتماعي نيز از ديدگاه كارشناسان شاخص «وابستگي مردم روستا به قدرت دولتي» و از ديدگاه ساكنين روستا «عدم اعتماد به نتايج طرح‌هاي بيابان‌زدايي» و در معيار آموزشي- ترويجي نيز از هر دو ديدگاه «عدم آموزش ساكنان منطقه در خصوص طرح‌هاي بيابان‌زدايي» به‌عنوان مهمترين شاخص‌ها رتبه‌بندي شدند.

The main purpose of the research is the identification and prioritization of criteria and indicators affecting on lack of sustainable participation of rural communities in combating desertification plans in Dehloran, Ilam province. To determine the number of sample villagers, 189 family were selected using the Cochran formula. In this research, after determining the effective indices and also indicators in the lack of sustainable participation, the questionnaire was designed and its validity was determined by the relevant experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was also tested and validated by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using AHP and Friedman nonparametric test. The findings of the research show that the results of prioritizing the indicators that affect the lack of stakeholder participation in the AHP based combating desertification plans from the experts' point of view, design-implementation, and educational-promotional criteria are the maximum and minimum priorities, respectively. The results of criteria ranking using the Friedman test in terms of rural residents also indicated that the economic criterion is placed in the first priority and design-implementation, social criterion and educational-promotional are in the next priorities, respectively. Likewise, the results of effective indicators ranking in the lack of sustainable participation of rural communities in combating desertification plans based on the Friedman test in term of the experts’ viewpoints indicate that “ignoring people's income as a direct incentive to implement combating desertification projects” are the most significant economic indicator. Similarly, in the compartment of executive design indicator, from the experts’ viewpoint “the lack of a comprehensive participatory management program to combating desertification” and from the viewpoint of residents of the village “the lack of attention to popular opinion in the design and development of projects are prioritized as the most important indicators. In prioritizing social indicators from the viewpoint of the experts “dependence of the villagers on the state power, distrust of the results of combating desertification plans as well as low literacy level” and in terms of villagers’ opinions, “distrust of the results of combating desertification plans, the dependence of rural residents on the state power, migration of youth” are introduced and prioritized as the most substantial indicators. In the educational-promotional criterion, in terms of both views “lack of training the residents of the area regarding combating desertification projects and the related purposes, as well as lack of utilizing the local promotional group”, are determined as the main important indicators.