كليدواژه :
بيماري كرونا , اخلاق محيطي , طرح سلامت واحد , رابطه انسان و محيط , نظريه گايا , تئوري پوش مرز ماركوف , پايداري محيط
چكيده فارسي :
هدف اصلي اين مقاله تحليل رابطه غيرمنطقي انسان با محيط به عنوان عامل اصلي شيوع بيماري كرونا است. اكثر محققين و صاحب نظران معتقدند كه بيماري كرونا عكس العمل و اخطار طبيعت به رفتارهاي مخرب انسان است. براي اين منظور ابتدا تئوري هاي حاكم بر روابط انسان و محيط مانند تئوري گايا و پوش مرز ماركوف بررسي شد. بر اساس اين تئوري ها آثار خرابكاري هاي انسان در محيط طبيعي بررسي شد و سپس عكس العمل هاي اين رفتار ها در جامعه انساني شرح داده شدند. با استناد به كارهاي محققين متعدد مشخص شد كه رفتار انسان در طبعت ويرانگر بوده است و اثرات آنها هم در خود جامعه انساني مشاهده شده اند. مانند ايجاد فرايند تغيير اقليم در محيط طبيعي كه منجر به مخاطرات شديدي مانند سيل و خشكسالي و غيره در جوامع انساني شده است. براي چاره جويي مشكل كرونا ديدگاه اخلاق محيطي انتخاب شد. بدين منظور تئوري هاي اخلاقي و فلسفه هاي حاكم بر رابطه انسان با محيط شرح داده شدند. از چالش اين نظريه ها و با عنايت به طرح سلامت واحد برنامه محيط زيست سازمان ملل، راهبرد رعايت ارزش انساني و اخلاقيات محيطي انتخاب شدند. بر اساس اين موارد انسان بايد به محيط ارزش ذاتي قايل شود. در رفتار خودش طرف خوبي، درستي و انصاف را رعايت كند. خود انسان دراثر تمرين مفاهيم انساني شايسته به شخصيت والاي انساني برسد. به مفاهيمي مانند پايداري محيط، مصرف به اندازه نياز بدن، رژيم گياهي، فاصله گيري محيطي، حرمت به حقوق محيط متصف شود. رسيدن به اين منزلت اخلاقي فقط از طريق آموزش و تربيت درست امكان پذير است. در اين راستا وظيفه سازمان ها و نهادهاي آموزشي در سطح جهان بسيار سنگين است.
چكيده لاتين :
Corona Virus pandemic outbreak is the counter act and warning of the natural environment for the destructive activities of man in the nature. Many researchers and specialists believe that a risk free and sustainable life is possible if we correct our behavior toward the nature. This research was carried out to substantiate this hypothesis and offer a reasonable and rationale solution. It is believed that the best way to solve this problem is the environmental ethics. Many other ways such as technology have been proposed, but until the mind and thought of man has not changed to good relation with the nature, it is not possible to reach a viable solution. For this end, the integrated system of earth was analyzed to understand mechanism of the relation between nature and human. Two supportive theories of Markov Blanket and Gaia were addressed here to explain the relation between nature and society. According to these theories the system of earth and society is live and any change in one will mirror itself on the other. As a result, the society models itself to the nature in long run. This means that to have a healthy society we should have a healthy nature and environment. Thus, the UNEP has suggested the integrated One Health program to save nature, humans and animals at the same time.
The distortions of the earth during the past 70 years were sampled and described as the footprints of mankind. Some examples of environmental disorders such as climate change, droughts, floods and diseases were analyzed and their impacts on the society were displayd. In order to demonstrate the environmental ethics as the only solution to the current crises, first the ethics in general were discussed and then the environmental ethics were given a thorough explanation. Different underpinning philosophies are presented and accordingly different approaches to the nature such as development, preservation and conservation were discussed. A new philosophy, geocentrism, was suggested as the suitable and efficient thought. According to this philosophy it is the distributions which are in the forefront of human destruction. Therefore, we should try not to disturb the distributions of any kind. These include all ecosystems of any scale; because emphasizing on the ecosystems is not sufficient. The geocentrism philosophy covers all non - anthropocentrism philosophies such as biocentrism and ecocentrism. Of the different approaches, the conservation was selected as it assumes intrinsic value for the nature and sustainability of resources for ever.
To solve the problem and bring the earth system to sustainable state, the environmental ethics should be implemented. In terms of moral values, these include truth, good, duty and justice. The mankind should characterize himself with these genuine characters. He should do his duty as not making problem to the life of any creature; this being human, plant, animal or rock and soil and etc. He should do the good and justice. On the objective side, he should give intrinsic value for every creature on the earth including the environment and its components. In this way, we treat the environment with respect and dignity and not let ourselves to destroy or damage it. However, to achieve these goals we should use resources only as much as we need biologically, consider the long run benefits instead of short term benefits, treat the nature as having intrinsic value, implement the environmental distance from wild life, using vegetarian diet.
One important notice is the nature of human who we are asking to do these mandatories. Are we sure that what we are ordering human will be done by him. If he does not do then none of these comments is valuable. Therefore, we first should understand the humans and educate them to accept our orders. This is why that the ethics become important. We should train moral humans and then ask them to do. He will do only when he gets overarching and believed knowledge about the subjects we are offering. The main reason for the distortion of the nature is that the humans are not aware of the value of nature and the long run results of their actions. This is possible only through the good and responsible training of man. We are now missing this education. In brief, we understand that the main solution for the destruction of nature is empowering the humans with morals, especially environmental ethics. But to implement this objective, at the first point we need a wise and understandable human. Therefore, first we should train people and ask them to act as a moral and generous person and care for the nature and all creatures of the universe.
