ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﯾﻨﺪهﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﺷﺪت رﻗﺎﺑﺖ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت

The Effect of Future Orientation on Entrepreneurship and the Moderating Role of Competitive Intensity in ICT Industry

ﻫﺪف: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن دادهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻨﮕﺎهﻫﺎ دارد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻃﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﮥ اﺧﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺟﻠﺐ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ درﺧﺼﻮص ﭘﯿﺸﺎﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻧﻮاع ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﯿﺸﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﯿﺎن آﯾﻨﺪهﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞﮔﺮ ﺷﺪت رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ در اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش: ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪاي ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ارﺷﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً 124 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از روش ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري وارﯾﺎﻧﺲﻣﺤﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Smart PLS3 ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ آﯾﻨﺪهﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ دارد. ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ-ﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﺷﺪت رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ در اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت، آﯾﻨﺪهﻧﮕﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در آنﻫﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه، ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺷﺪت رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ در زﯾﺮﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ادراك ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﯾﻨﺪهﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺷﺪت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد.

Purpose: Several studies have shown that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on firms’ performance. Therefore, during the past decades, business scholars have paid more attention to this subject, and several studies have been done on the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation. The various dimensions of strategic orientations are among the variables that can be investigated as the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between futurity and entrepreneurial orientation. The effect of the competitive intensity in moderating this relationship was also studied. Methodology: The population consisted of the companies which were active in the information and communication technology sector. A questionnaire was distributed among the executives of these firms. Finally, 124 questionnaires were collected. The variance-based structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze data. Smart PLS3 was the software through which the analysis was done. Findings: The results showed that futurity has a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation. The effect of competitive intensity in moderating this relationship was also confirmed. Results: The more future-oriented the ICT companies are, the more entrepreneurial they will be. Moreover, the more the companies in various ICT sub-industries perceive competitive intensity, the more the effect of future-orientation on entrepreneurship will be.