معيارهاي بين‌المللي سازمان بين‌الملل كار در باب حقوق زنان شاغل

International Labor Organization Standards on the Rights of Working Women

مقاوله نامه‌ها‌ي زيادي در جهت حمايت و حفاظت از حقوق زنان در موضوعات اشتغال، بهداشت و رفاه به وجود آورده شده است. با توجه به مقاوله نامه‌هاي سازمان بين‌الملي كار كه موضوع اين مطالعه است، بايد يادآوري نمود كه مقاوله نامه‌هايي چون مقاوله‌نامه عدم تبعيض (C111)، مقاوله نامه حمايت از مادري (C3, C103, C183) از مهمترين مقاوله‌نامه‌هايي هستند كه موضوع بحث ما درباره آن است. عدم تصويب اين مقاوله نامه‌ها توسط تمامي دولت‌هاي عضو كارآيي حتي پيشرفته‌ترين طرح‌هاي حمايتي بين‌المللي را كاهش مي‌دهد. پرسش اصلي اين مقاله آن است كه آيا با وجود تصويب مقاوله‌نامه‌هاي پيشرفته و مهم توسط سازمان بين‌المللي كار براي رفع تبعيض عليه زنان شاغل كافي است؟ به فرضيه اين است كه عليرغم مقاوله‌نامه‌هاي پيشرفته سازمان بين‌المللي كار در مقوله رفع تبعيض عليه زنان شاغل، به دليل اينكه دولت‌هاي عضو پس از تصويب اقدامات جدي در اجراي آن اتخاذ نمي‌كنند باعث عدم كارآيي مقاوله‌نامه‌ها و نگراني جدي در اين زمينه مي‌شود.

Women are the biggest issue of discrimination in terms of population. an‎d so many conventions have been created to protect women's rights in employment, health and welfare. According to the conventions of the International Labor Organization that are the subject of this study, it should be noted that conventions such as the Convention on Non-Discrimination (C111), the Convention on Maternity Protection (C3,C103,C183) are among the most important conventions that are the subject of our discussion. Failure to ratify these conventions by all member states reduces the effectiveness of even the most advanced international protection schemes. The scope of these schemes is also largely limited by the reservation exercised by the approving governments. The implementation of these conventions and initiatives at the national level also raises serious concerns for countries that do not take serious action after ratification. An integrated approach is needed to work together at both national and international levels to overcome discrimination against women. Regarding the effectiveness of international treaties, it is essential that each country that ratifies the treaty establishes appropriate and relevant enforcement mechanisms at the domestic level. The main question of this article is whether, despite the ratification of advanced and important conventions by the International Labor Organization, it is sufficient to eliminate discrimination against working women? It is hypothesized that despite the International Labor Organization's advanced treaties on discrimination against working women, because the member states do not take serious action to implement them after ratification, the treaties are ineffective and cause serious concern.