ﻓﺮا ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت راﺑﻄﻪ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در اﯾﺮان

Meta- Analysis of Studies in Relationship between Environmental Knowledge and Environmental Behavior in Iran

در ﻗﺮن ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂزﯾﺴـﺖ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ، ﺧﻮد ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑـﺎ روﯾﮑـﺮد ﻓـﺮا ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 23 ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1390-98 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺎت اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮده و داراي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻟﺎزم ﺟﻬﺖ ورود ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮا ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺑﻪ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﺑﺰار ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ آﻣﺎري ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳـﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪهاﻧﺪ. در ﮔﺎم ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ، ﻣﻔﺮوﺿﺎت ﻫﻤﮕﻨﯽ و ﺧﻄﺎي اﻧﺘﺸـﺎر ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از ﻫﻤﮕﻨﯽ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ و ﻋﺪم ﺳﻮﮔﯿﺮي اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ دوم، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺴﺨﻪ دوم ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار CMA ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدل 0/233 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي ﮐـﻮﻫﻦ، در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﯿـﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن ﺑـﻮد ﮐـ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

In the present century, environmental behavior of human as the most important effective factor on environment is under the observation of sociologists. The behavior both effects environmental issues and threats and is influenced by variant factors. This study observed the relation between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior by meta-analysis approach. Since 23 studies between the years, 1390 to 1398 in the subject of environmental behavior, which were qualified, were selected for entering to meta- analysis research. The selected studies are done by survey method and applied survey tools in different statistical societies by reliable measurement. In first step, the selected studies were evaluated by homogeneity of hypothesis and publication bias. According to this, the finding indicated the homogeneity of effect size and absence of publication bias. In second step, by applying the second version of CMA software, the coefficient of effect size were evaluated. The Results have shown have shown that the effect size or coefficient of effect of environmental knowledge on environmental behavior is 0.223 which is average according to Kohen interpretation system. In addition, the results obtained the moderator role of population society variable indicated that the environmental knowledge has the most affection on environmental behavior of students.