ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﺲ ﺑﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ

Investigation of the Impact of Bavanat Copper Mine On the Environment of the Region

ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮑﺎري، از ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎكﺗﺮﯾﻦ آﻟﺎﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪم ﺣﺬف آنﻫﺎ ﺿـﻤﻦ ورود ﺑﻪ آبﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﭙﻠﮑﺲﻫﺎي ﺳﻤﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺧﻄﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮاي را ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺴﺎن و اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫـﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﭼﻮن ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺪن ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﯽ از ﺣﺠﻢ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺷـﺪه را ﺗﺸـﮑﯿﻞ ﻣـﯽدﻫـﺪ، ﻣﻌـﺎدن ﻣﻘﺪار زﯾﺎدي ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داﺷﺖ. در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺲ، ﺳﺮب و روي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ را ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤـﯿﻂزﯾﺴـﺖ وارد ﻣﯽﺳﺎزﻧﺪ. ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﻌﺪن ﮐﺎري ﻣﺲ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ذوب روي و ﺳﺮب ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ زﯾﺎدي ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم و ﺳﺮب وارد ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ و ذرات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﭘﺴﺎبﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده و ﺿـﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ذوب و ﺗﺼـﻔﯿﻪ ﻓﻠـﺰات ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ذوب ﻓﻠﺰات ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪاي ﺟﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ آب، ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎ و ﺧﺎك، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﺣﺘﯽ زﻫﺎبﻫﺎ و آﺑﺮاهﻫﺎي آنﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈـﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﺲ ﺑﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در آب، ﺧـﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﻪﺳﺰاﯾﯽ دارد.

Mining wastes are one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants which, if not removed, enter the surface and groundwater, causing toxic complexes and potential risks to humans and ecosystems. They create an environment. Because ore makes up a small portion of the total volume of minerals mined, mines will have a lot of waste. In the metal industry, the production of copper, lead and zinc cause the most damage to the environment. Copper Mining Operations Generate Extensive Mineral Waste Melting Zinc and Lead Introduces large amounts of cadmium and lead into the environment. The growth of gases and particulate matter, the production of polluted effluents and solid waste are the result of melting and refining metals. Soil contamination with heavy metals is a serious problem associated with metal smelting. In order to study the effects of the studied mine on the environment, it is necessary to examine the water, rocks and soil, plants and even their drains and waterways in terms of pollution. Findings of this study show that Bavanat copper mine has a significant effect on the level of pollution in water, soil and plants in the region.