ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ آﻟﺎﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا در ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آن

Investigation of the Average Monthly Concentration of Air Pollution Index Pollutants in the West of Semnan Province and Its Control Strategies

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﻗﺮن اﺧﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎنﻫﺎ را ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻟﺎﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا، ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ روﻧﺪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ آﻟﺎﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎهﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫـﻮا و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻫﻢﺟﻮار ﺑﺮ ﻫﻮاي ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1399 اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ دادهﻫـﺎي اﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎهﻫـﺎي ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا در ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ آﻟﺎﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎ در ﻏﺮب اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺳـﻤﻨﺎن ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ اﮐﺜﺮ آﻟﺎﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﺮد رخ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا در ﻣﺎهﻫﺎي ﺳﺮد ﺑـﺮ اﺛـﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺟﻮي، واروﻧﮕﯽﻫﺎي دﻣﺎﯾﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑـﺎد ﺳـﻄﺤﯽ و اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺑـﯿﺶﺗـﺮ از ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﮔﺮﻣـﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﺠـﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺳﺮد داراي اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻧﺎﻗﺺﺗﺮي اﺳـﺖ. ﻋﻠـﺎوه ﺑـﺮ اﯾـﻦ، ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ از اﯾـﻦ آﻟـﻮدﮔﯽ از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻫﻢﺟﻮار ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وزش ﺑﺎد و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ در داﺧﻞ اﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫـﻮاي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﺎوﮔـﺎن ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﯽ، ﺗـﺮدد زﯾـﺎد وﺳـﺎﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﯿـﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮي، ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮي ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﯽ، ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي رﯾﺰﮔﺮد و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا در ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن اﺳﺖ.

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the last century that threatens human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the average concentration of air pollutants, to detect the trend of pollutants change pattern, to identify high-risk months, air pollution index and the impact of neighboring provinces on the air of Semnan province in 1399. In this study, the data of air pollution measuring stations in the west of Semnan province were examined. Monthly changes of pollutants in the west of Semnan province showed that the maximum monthly of most pollutants occurs in the cold season. The maximum concentration of cold months is caused by various factors such as increasing atmospheric stability, temperature inversions, decreasing surface wind speed and using more heat sources. Vehicles also have less fuel combustion in cold conditions. In addition, a significant part of this pollution is accumulated from neighboring provinces due to wind and geographical location within the province and causes changes in air quality in the province. Also, population increase, public fleet wear, high traffic of urban vehicles, industrial use, dust centers and geographical location are also factors affecting air pollution in the west of Semnan province.