بررسي علل غيبت از كار پرسنل پرستاري در زمان بحران بيماري كوويد19 در بيمارستان دكتر مسيح دانشوري

Investigating the Causes of Absenteeism of Nursing Staff During the Crisis of Covid 19 Disease in Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital

ﻣﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮك ﺧﺪﻣﺖ در اﻓﺮاد ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان وﺟﻮد اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد را ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان اﺧﯿﺮ در ﺟﻬﺎن، ﺑﺤﺮان اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ وﯾﺮوس در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﺎه دﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ 2019 ﮐﻪ در ووﻫﺎن ﭼﯿﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ، ﻣﻮارد اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻄﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19ﯾﺎ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ، ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ و درﻣﺎن را ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي روﺣﯽ و رواﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار داده و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر آﻧﺎن و ﺗﺮك از ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎر در اﯾﺮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﯾﻬﺎي ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺤﺮان ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ و ﻋﻠﻞ آن در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن دﮐﺘﺮ ﻣﺴﯿﺢ داﺷﻨﻮري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺧﻂ ﻣﻘﺪم ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻈﺮ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺸﺘﻪ و اﻋﺘﺒﺎر آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽ دروﻧﯽ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. . ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻫﻤﭽﻮن SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 22 ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ روزﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر در ﻃﻮل 3 ﻣﺎه ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه درﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 6 روز ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎر و ﮐﻤﮏ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎر ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ 567 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ 19 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﺎن در ﻃﻮل اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯽ وﯾﺮوس ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. 52.6% از اﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺮس و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ 36.9% از اﻓﺮاد اﻋﻼم ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر و ﺗﺮس از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ 30-20 ﺳﺎل راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻏﯿﺒﺖ از ﮐﺎر در ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ 10 ﺗﺎ 20 ﺳﺎل ﺑﺪﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﺪم ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار وﺟﻮد دارد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺑﯽ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدي ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﺑﻪ روﺳﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن و ﻣﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮐﺎري ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎر در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺤﺮان، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻋﺪم ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺴﻮﻟﯿﻦ، ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه و ﺗﺮك ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ

: The desire to leave the service in people can have different causes and be influenced by personal, environmental and other factors. Among the environmental factors are the existence of numerous epidemics and crises, the most important recent crisis in the world is the Corona epidemic crisis. In the coronavirus epidemic reported at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the incidence of the disease increased widely. An epidemic of Covid 19 or Corona disease puts health care workers under stress, leading to absenteeism and dismissal. Given that in non-crisis situations, the shortage of nurses in Iran is one of the main challenges of the health system, this is more important in critical situations such as epidemics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of absenteeism during the corona crisis and its causes in Dr. Masih Dashnouri Hospital as a front line to deal with this crisis. The present study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by content validity and instrument reliability through internal consistency. . After collecting data, the data were statistically analyzed using statistical software such as SPSS version 22. The average number of absenteeism days during the last 3 months was 6 days. Participants in the study included 567 nurses and assistant nurses, 19 of whom were absent from work during the coronavirus epidemic. 52.6% of these people mentioned that they were absent from work due to fear and the possibility of transmitting the disease to their families. Also, 36.9% of people reported that they were absent from work due to lack of support from the authorities. In this study, there was a significant relationship between absenteeism and fear of transmitting the disease to the family at the age of 20-30 years, which can be due to various factors. There is also a significant relationship between absenteeism among people with a history of 10 to 20 years due to lack of support from officials, which can also be due to employees' distrust of the heads of the organization and officials. Also, high workload and work-related stress in crisis situations, in addition to lack of support from the authorities, can exacerbate the reduction of motivation and leaving the service.