بررسي وضعيت مشاركت شهروندان در طرح تفكيك پسماندهاي شهري از مبدا و موانع انجام آن از ديدگاه آنان در شهر بابل

Citizen Participation in Urban Waste Separation from Origin and its Barriers (Case Study: city of Babol

مقدمه بهترين نوع از بازيافت پسماند هاي شهري زماني اتفاق مي افتد كه اين مواد در منزل توسط خود توليد كنندگان جدا شود. رسيدن به اين مقصود، نيازمند مشاركت همه شهروندان و فراهم نمودن زير ساخت هاي لازم در زمينه تفكيك پسماند مي باشد. اين پژوهش با هدف تعيين وضعيت مشاركت شهروندان در تفكيك پسماندهاي شهري از مبدا و موانع انجام از ديدگاه آنان صورت گرفت. روش بررسي اين مطالعه مقطعي در سال 1398 بر روي 476 خانوار شهر بابل كه به صورت تصادفي خوشه اي انتخاب شدند انجام گرفت. اطلاعات از طريق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته، در قالب 21 سوال اختصاصي و عمومي جمع آوري شد. جهت آناليز اطلاعات از آزمون تي تست، آناليز واريانس و رگرسيون لجستيك با سطح اطمينان 95/0 استفاده گرديد. يافته ها از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه 27/5درﺻﺪ اﻏﻠﺐ اوﻗﺎت و 15/3 درﺻﺪ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ اوﻗﺎت در ﻃﺮح ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.91/8درﺻﺪ از ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﺣﻮﺻﻠﻪ)61/3درﺻﺪ( و ﻓﻀﺎي ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ )95/5 درﺻﺪ( و از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻬﺮداري، ﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺒﻮدن ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺧﺸﮏ در روزﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻞ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ )94/7درﺻﺪ( ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﮑﺲ ﻫﺎ )95/8درﺻﺪ( و ﻧﺒﻮد آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ)95درﺻﺪ( را بعنوان موانع تفكيك پسماند اعلام نمودند. نتيجه گيري عمده خانوار هاي شهري عملكرد، امكانات و برنامه ريزي نامناسب شهرداري و نيز نداشتن حوصله و فضاي كافي را به عنوان موانع تفكيك اعلام نمودند. براي اينكه منابع طبيعي كشوري به هدر نرود و پسماند توليدي شهروندان كاهش يابد نياز است انگيزه در افراد ايجاد و نسبت به آموزش هاي عمومي شهروندان اقدام گردد.

The best way to recycle municipal wastes is to separate them at home by the users. To this end, participation and cooperation of all citizens is required and the necessary infrastructure should be provided in the field of waste segregation. This study was conducted to determine the status of citizens' participation in separating urban wastes from the source and to investigate its obstacles. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 476 households in the city of Babol. The participants were randomly selected as clusters. The information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire containing 21 specific and general questions. For data analysis, t-test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used with 0.95 confidence level. Results: Of the total households involved in the waste segregation scheme, 27.5% were frequently and 15.3% were sometimes involved in separating the wastes. In this regard, 91.8% of households were aware and 8.2% were unaware of waste separation .A significant proportion of urban households reported that lack of patience (61.3%) and sufficient space to separate household waste (59.5%) prevented segregation. From the point of view of municipal-related factors, non-delivery of dry waste on holidays (94.7%), low number of barracks (95.8%), and lack of continuous training (95%) were reported as obstacles in separating wasts. Conclusion: Major urban households reported poor municipal performance, facilities, and planning, as well as lack of patience and adequate space as barriers to segregation. To meet this, planning for urban waste management is essential. In order to avoid wasting a country's natural resources and reduce the productive waste of citizens, it is necessary to motivate people and provide citizens with the necessary public education to separate wastes.