عنوان مقاله :
Esophageal Cancer Crisis in Golestan Province, Iran; Focus on Risk Factors: Back to Future
پديد آورندگان :
Roshandel، Gholamreza Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Amini, Abolfazl Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Amiriani, Taghi Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Maleki, Farajolah Department of Laboratory Sciences - School of Allied Medical Sciences - Ilam University of Medical sciences , Aghchelli, Bahman Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Ahmadnia, Ali Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Panahi, Pegah Department of Microbiology - Faculty of Medicine - Kermanshah Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ghafouri, Zahra Department of Biochemistry - Biophysics and Genetics - Faculty of Medicine - Mazandaran University of Medical Science , Sholeh, Mohammad Department of Microbiology - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Kouhsari, Ebrahim Clinical Microbiology Research Center - Ilam University of Medical Sciences
كليدواژه :
Esophageal cancer , Environmental risk , Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
چكيده فارسي :
Esophageal cancer (EC) is categorized histologically to two common groups; adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas,
with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent (more than
90%) form of all EC cases in Golestan province. Golestan province, as the high-risk province for ESCC, is located in the eastern
part of the Caspian littoral area of Iran, although in the last decades, the occurrence rates have decreased in this area. Tobacco
smoking, opium consumption, low oral hygiene, drinking hot liquids, insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and poor
socioeconomic status increase the risk of ESCC in Golestan, although exposure to infections and toxic chemical compounds are
also reported. Here, we summarize the previous epidemiological studies from 1970 to 2019 that have investigated the risk factors
involved in ESCC in this high-risk area. More prospective cohort studies are required to assess the risk factors, categorize highrisk
peoples, and evaluate early detection and involved mechanisms.
