بررسي جهت‫ گيري پژوهشي علم ماكروارگونومي در ايران بر مبناي پژوهش هاي منتشر شده

Investigating the Research Orientation of Macroeconomics in Iran Based on Published Researches

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﺎﮐﺮوارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻓﻨﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف آن ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎري ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫـﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺸـﺮ ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﻪ زﺑـﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﮐﺎر: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺮوري و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮا اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮ روي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در اﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ- ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﯿـﺪ واژهﻫـﺎي »ﻣـﺎﮐﺮوارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ «، »ارﮔﻮﻧـﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ«، »ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ«، »ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﻼن«، »ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ« و »ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ« ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻓﺎرﺳـﯽ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ؛ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﯽ، ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ آﻣـﺎر ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ، در را ﺳـﺘﺎي ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: 64 ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1376 ﺗﺎ 1397 وارد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. 55/51 درﺻﺪ )ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧـﯽ( ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1391-1397 ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت در ﺣﻮزه ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﮐﻤﺘـﺮي از آن ﻫـﺎ در ﺣـﻮزه آﻣـﻮ زش اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻼح ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ ﮐـﺎري ﺟﻬـﺖ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ اﺧـﺘﻼﻻت اﺳـﮑﻠﺘﯽ - ﻋﻀـﻼﻧﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺎري؛ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣـﺎﮐﺮوارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﯽ ﺣـﻮزه ﻫـﺎ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد دا ﺷـﺘﻪ و ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺜﺒﺘـﯽ را ﻋﺮﺿـﻪ ﻧﻤـﻮده اﺳـﺖ. اﻣـﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕـﺎه ﻣﺎﮐﺮوارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ در اﯾﺮان در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺼـﻮص در ﺻـﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﮐﻤﺮﻧـﮓ ﺑـﻮده و ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨـﺪ اﺟـﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﭼﺎپ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت، ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﺤﻮه اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮐـﺎر و اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸـﯽ آنﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮان و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ارﺷﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ درك ﺿﺮورت ﭼﺮاﯾﯽ اﺻﻼح ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎري ﮔﺮدد.

Macroargonomics is a socio-technical approach that aims to improve the work system of organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the research orientation of macroargonomics in Iran based on research published in Persian. Methods: The present study is a review and content analysis that was performed on studies in the field of macroargonomics in Iran. Scientific-research databases with the keywords "macro-ergonomics", "participatory ergonomics", "participatory ergonomics", "macroergonomics", "comprehensive ergonomics" and "organizational ergonomics" which were published in Persian; Were examined. In addition to the descriptive analysis of extracted articles, a qualitative evaluation of the articles was performed in order to determine the orientation of the studies. Results: The 64 studies were introduced to the study between 1997 and 2018. 55.51% (the highest frequency) of studies was in the years 2012-2018. Most of these studies have been conducted in the field of industry and fewer of them in the field of education. Most of articles addressed the modification of working system to reduce the musculoskeletal disorders and increase the quality of work life by utilizing qualitative, descriptive- analytical, and interventional methods. Conclusion: Macroargonomics has been used in all areas and has presented positive results. However, the position of macro-ergonomics in Iran in all areas, especially in small and medium industries is low and requires more applied research. On the other hand, in addition to publishing dissertations and articles, how to do their work and their effectiveness should be presented to decision makers and senior managers to lead to the need to understand why the work system is reformed.