بررسي سبك زندگي، مهمترين چالش و عوامل مرتبط با آن در زنان حاشيه‫ نشين

Study of Lifestyle, the Most Important Challenge and Its Related Factors in Suburban Women

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﯿﻮه زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳـﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ آﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار ﻣـﯽ ﮔﯿـﺮد ﻫـﺪف اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻮه زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن در زﻧﺎن ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎروري ﺳـﺎﮐﻦ در ﺟﻨـﻮب ﺷـﺮق اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻦ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق اﯾﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 400 ﻧﻔﺮﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫـﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ )LSQ( ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻓﺮدي ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ، آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ.از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 19-SPSS ﺟﻬﺖ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ داده ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه 103/08±24/97 LSQ ﺑﻮد و در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﯿﻄـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺳـﺒﮏ زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ ﺣﯿﻄـﻪ ورزش و ﺗﻨﺪرﺳـﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه را ﮐﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮد )21/58±18/68(. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﭘﯿﺸـ ﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪه ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻼت و اﺷـﺘﻐﺎل ﻫﻤﺴـﺮ، ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺑﺎرداريﻫﺎ، ﻗﻮﻣﯿﺖ و ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎ ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ 0/03=p=0/002 ،p=0/01 ،p، 0/01=p و 0/01=p(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻧﺸﯿﻦ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ و ورزش ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ آﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﻮﻫﺮ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎروري، ﻗﻮﻣﯿﺖ و ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﯽ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده و ارﺗﻘـﺎ ء ورزش در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاري، ﺟﻬﺖ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺷﯿﻮه زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ.

Socioeconomic and environmental factors in suburban neighborhoods can affect the lifestyle of their inhabitants. However, the lifestyle of the suburban people is rarely considered by the researchers. This study aimed to investigate lifestyle, the most important challenge, and its related factors in suburban women of reproductive age living in southeastern Iran. Methods: In this analytic cross-sectional study, the lifestyles of suburban women in the southeast of Iran were investigated in 2017. The sample consisted of 400 people who were selected by random one-stage cluster sampling. Lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ) was completed by individual interviews to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and multivariate regression. SPSS (version 19) was used to analyze data. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean score of LSQ was 103.08±24.97 and among all components of lifestyle, the sport and health component got the lowest score (21.58±18.68). Among the predictive factors, the education and employment of the husband, the interval between pregnancies, ethnicity and the head of household had a significant relationship with lifestyle (p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.002, p=0.01, and p=0.01 respectively). Conclusion: The lifestyles of suburban women were at an inappropriate level and exercise was the main challenge in their lifestyle. It is necessary to pay more attention to the personal and social characteristics of the husband, fertility status, ethnicity, and head of the family and to promote sports in policy-making to improve the lifestyle.