مطالعه تطبيقي انتخاب نيروي انساني در دانشگاه ‫هاي علوم پزشكي كشور و جهان

A Comparative Study of Human Resource Selection in Medical Universities of Iran and World

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ دوﻟﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷـﮑﯽ ﮐﺸـﻮر ﺑﯿـﺎﻧﮕﺮ وﺟـﻮد ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺪون ﺷﮏ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ، ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ و ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ وﻇـﺎﯾﻒ ﺷـﻐﻠﯽ ﺧﻄﯿـﺮ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اﻋﻢ ازﭘﺰﺷﮑﺎن و ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران و... و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﻮريﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﺧﺴﺎرات ﺟﺒـﺮان ﻧﺎﭘـﺬﯾﺮي را ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫـﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﯿـﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮐﺮد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﺮان و در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن در ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان از اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ؛ ﻟﺬا ﻫـﺪف از اﻧﺠـﺎم اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨـﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﺮان و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن و اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﺟﺴـﺘﺠﻮ در ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒـﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳـﯽ و اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴـﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ ﮐﻠﯿـﺪواژه ﻫـﺎي Selection ،Human Resources Management ،Human Resources Selection Patterns و ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و در ﻣﻮرد اﻟﮕﻮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮك و اﺳﺎﺳﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﺮان و ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﺴﺮي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاوان ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺣـﺎﮐﻢ در آن ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎ وﺟـﻮد دارد . اﻣـﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ، ﺗﺒﺤﺮ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺎري، ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ و روﺣﯿﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻃﻠﺒﯽ و... در ﻫﻤﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﮐﺸـﻮر ﻫـﺎ ﻣﺸـﺘﺮك اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﮐﺸﻮري ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ آن ﮐﺸﻮر در ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد.

The challenges in government organizations and centers, including medical universities in the country, indicate the existence of several organizational problems, and without a doubt, the existence of these problems will reduce the effectiveness, efficiency and productivity of the organization. A significant part of these problems is related to the staff recruitment process. Improper selection of these staffs will impose irreparable damage on organizations and consequently on public health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the process of manpower selection in Iran and other countries, since the process of human resources recruitment in Iran and the world is different. Methods: Methods: The present study is a descriptive study. The statistical population includes all universities in the world that work in the field of medical services delivery. Information about the process of selecting and employing human resources was collected by searching valid Persian and English sources using the keywords Human Resources Selection, Human Resources Management, Selection Patterns. Also, reference books on manpower management from different parts of the world were collected and reviewed separately. Results: The review of the human resources selection in Iran and different parts of the world indicates that there are a number of criteria due to the many cultural, social and economic differences between countries in accordance with the prevailing conditions in those countries. However, criteria such as expertise, proficiency, work experience, personal interest and the spirit of participation are common in all these countries and should be considered in the selection of human resources. Conclusion: According to the studies conducted in each country, the patterns of manpower selection should be done within a logical framework according to the prevailing conditions of that country.