بررسي وضعيت خودناتوان‌سازي: مطالعه مقطعي در ميان دانشجويان دانشگاه علوم پزشكي كرمانشاه

Self-handicapping: A Cross-Sectional Study on Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

سابقه و هدف: خودناتوان‌سازي انجام يا قصد انجام مجموعه رفتارهايي است كه به‌منظور بيروني جلوه‌دادن شكست‌ها و دروني جلوه‌دادن موفقيت‌ها به كار مي‌رود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعيين وضعيت خودناتوان‌سازي و ارتباط آن با برخي متغيرهاي تحصيلي در دانشجويان انجام شد. مواد و روش‌‌ها: اين پژوهش نوعي مطالعه توصيفي تحليلي از نوع مقطعي بود كه در ميان 296 نفر از دانشجويان دانشگاه علوم پزشكي كرمانشاه انجام شد. شركت‌كنندگان به روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي ساده و با احتمال متناسب با حجم در هر يك از خوشه‌ها (دانشكده‌ها) انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه به‌صورت خودگزارش‌دهي جمع‌آوري شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار نسخه ويندوز SPSS نسخه 16 و آزمون‌هاي توصيفي و تحليلي در سطح اطمينان 95 درصد تجزيه‌وتحليل شدند.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻦ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن 18 ﺗﺎ 31 ﺳﺎل و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ آن 22/21±2/10 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮدﻧﺎﺗﻮانﺳﺎزي داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن 16/64±3/48 ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 66/56 درﺻﺪ از ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻧﻤﺮه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﮐﺘﺴﺎب ﮐﺴﺐ ﺷﺪ. داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن داﻧﺸﮑﺪه دﻧﺪانﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺧﻮدﻧﺎﺗﻮانﺳﺎزي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ داﻧﺸﮑﺪهﻫﺎ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )P=0/011(. داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞ ﺧﻮدﻧﺎﺗﻮانﺳﺎزي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻣﺠﺮد داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )P=0/025(. داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﻧﻤﺮه ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي در ﺧﻮدﻧﺎﺗﻮانﺳﺎزي ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ )r=0/114 و P=0/025(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﯿﺶ از 50 درﺻﺪ از ﻧﻤﺮه ﺧﻮدﻧﺎﺗﻮانﺳﺎزي را ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و ﻗﺒﻞ از آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ.

Background and Objective: Self-handicapping is a set of behaviors to externalize failures and internalize success. The present study aimed to determine the status of self-handicapping and its association with some academic variables among students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 296 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected via random sampling and probability proportional to size sampling. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 16) using descriptive and analytical tests at 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of students was reported as 22.21±2.10 (age range of 18-years). The mean score of self-handicapping was 16.64±3.48, which indicated that the participants obtain 66.56% of the maximum score of self-handicapping. Dental students were engaged in more self-handicapping, compared to other students (P=0.011). Moreover, it was shown that married students self-handicapped more than single students (P=0.025), and older students obtained higher scores in self-handicapping (r=0.144; P= 0.025). Conclusion: Due to the fact that students gained more than 50% of the maximum self-handicapping score, it is essential to plan relevant intervention programs and conduct further studies to identify the effective causes of self-handicapping