بررسي روايي و پايايي نسخهٔ فارسي مقياس ناتواني پا و مچ پا در ورزشكاران

Validity and reliability of the Persian version of foot and ankle disability index in athletes

زمينه و هدف: پيشگيري از آسيب، امروزه بخش مهمي از تمرينات به‌شمار مي‌رود. پيچ‌خوردگي مزمن وضعيتي است كه توسط ضعف عصبي‌عضلاني، دامنهٔ حركتي، ضعف كنترل پاسچر، آسيب مجدد و استئوآرتريت بعد از آسيب مشخص مي‌شود. وجود ابزاري براي تشخيص افراد داراي پيچ‌خوردگي مزمن، امري ضروري به‌نظر مي‌رسد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي روايي و پايايي نسخۀ فارسي مقياس ناتواني‌ پا و مچ پا در ورزشكاران انجام شد. روش‌‌بررسي: روش تحقيق توصيفي‌پيمايشي بود. تعداد 266 پرسشنامه توسط ورزشكاران 18تا24ساله (45٫2درصد دختر، 54٫8درصد پسر) تكميل شد كه در رشته‌هاي مختلف فعاليت داشتند. جهت ارزيابي مدل‌هاي اندازه‌گيري، تحليل عاملي تأييدي (CFA) به‌كار رفت. پايايي مقياس نيز با روش آلفاي كرونباخ به‌دست آمد. همچنين، براي بررسي پايايي زماني از روش آزمون-آزمون مجدد استفاده شد كه تحليل آن به‌كمك ضريب همبستگي درون‌خوشه‌اي صورت گرفت. نرم‌افزار تحليل داده‌ها LESREL نسخهٔ هشت و SPSS نسخهٔ 18 بود. سطح معنا‌داري 0٫05 در نظر گرفته شد. يافته‌ها: به‌طوركلي نتايج نشان داد كه مقياس ناتواني پا و مچ پا، روايي سازهٔ پذيرفتني با 26 سؤال و دو عامل دارد. شاخص‌هاي برازندگي مدل مقبول و مقادير ارزش تي در سؤال‌ها بيشتر از دو است. همچنين مقادير آلفاي كرونباخ در عامل ناتواني 0٫94 و در عامل درد 0٫73 به‌دست آمد. ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ براي نمرهٔ كل مقياس ناتواني پا و مچ پا 0٫95 و نيز ضرايب همبستگي درون خوشه‌اي براي عامل ناتواني 0٫82 و عامل درد 0٫70 و نمرهٔ كلي مقياس 0٫79 است. نتيجه‌گيري: باتوجه به يافته‌ها مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه نسخهٔ فارسي مقياس ناتواني مچ پا و پا از روايي عاملي و پايايي و پايايي زماني پذيرفتني برخوردار است و اين مقياس مي‌تواند به عنوان ابزار غربالگري در ورزشكاران توصيه شود.

Background & Objective: Prevention of injury has become an important part of practice today. Researchers endeavor to understand and identify what can optimally reduce the incidence of ankle injury and re–injury. Individuals who participate in athletic activities are particularly susceptible to ankle injuries. Of these injuries, approximately 86% are sprains. Ankle sprains have been reported as one of the most common types of injuries occurring during recreational and full time sporting activities. Several epidemiological studies have also shown that about 10–28% of all sports injuries are ankle sprains and as much as 73% of competitive and recreational athletes had recurrent ankle sprain leading to the longest absence from athletic activity compared to other types of sports injuries. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition characterized by range–of–motion, neuromuscular, and postural–control deficits and subjective disability, reinjure, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The existence of a tool for detecting people with chronic ankle instability seems to be necessary. The current study investigated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Foot and Ankle Disability Index in athletes. Methods: The research method was a descriptive–survey. The statistical population of this study was all athletes in Tehran city with different levels of skill and in the age range of 18 to 24 years old. Based on the aim of the study, 266 athletes (45.2% female, 54.8% male) with average of age 12.12±1.3 years were selected as the statistical sample. The instrument of this study was the Foot and Ankle Disability Index. The original version of this scale is made in English language in the United States. The scale is 26 items. The foot and ankle disability index measures two subscales of pain and disability. This scale was translated using translation– back translation method to Persian language. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) was performed on the analyses of the proposed models. In addition, t value and factor loading were used to evaluate questions with related factors in the measurement model. The scale reliability was conducted using Cronbach’s alpha method. For investigating the temporal reliability, test–retest method was performed and has been analyzed using intra class correlation coefficient. Data analysis was conducted using LESREL version 8 and SPSS version 18. The significance level was considered at 0.05. Results: According to the finding, the foot and ankle disability scale had an acceptable construct validity with 26 questions and 2 factors. The goodness fit index of the model were acceptable and significant (χ²=823.35, χ²/df=2.89, NNFI=0.92, CFI=0.93, GFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.079 and RMR=0.061) (p<0.001). The t values in the questions was above two. In addition, Cronbach's alpha values in the disability factor were 0.94 and in the pain factor was 0.73. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scores of foot and ankle disability was 0.95. In addition, intra class correlation coefficient for disability factor was 0.82, pain factor was 0.70 and total score was 0.79. Conclusion: Persian version of Foot and Ankle Disability Index was having acceptable validity, reliability and temporal reliability therefore can be recommended as a screening tool for athletes. In addition, this scale regarding to the administration procedure and easy scoring which are the most important practical aspects of the scale can assess the foot and ankle disability of athletes. Therefore, it can be used as a trustable instrument in the field of sports medicine, rehabilitation, biomechanics and physiotherapy.