پديد آورندگان :
مرادي، جليل دانشگاه اراك، اراك، ايران - دانشكدهٔ علوم ورزشي - گروه رفتارحركتي و روان شناسي ورزشي , سپهوند، تورج دانشگاه اراك، اراك، ايران - دانشكدهٔ علوم انساني - گروه روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي , عبادي، مريم دانشگاه اراك، اراك، ايران
كليدواژه :
اعتماد اجتماعي , سالمندان كم بينا و نابينا , ورزشكاران , غير ورزشكاران
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: يكي از موضوعات مهم در هر جامعه‌اي، موضوع اعتماد اجتماعي است. در پژوهش‌هاي گذشته، بررسي اعتماد اجتماعي در سالمندان كم‌بينا و نابينا و مقايسۀ ورزشكاران و غيرورزشكاران انجام نشده است؛ لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر مقايسۀ اعتماد اجتماعي سالمندان كم‌بينا و نابيناي ورزشكار و غيرورزشكار بود.
روش‌بررسي: روش پژوهش علّي‌مقايسه‌اي و جامعهٔ آماري شامل سالمندان كم‌بينا و نابيناي ورزشكار و غيرورزشكار مراجعه‌كننده به انجمن نابينايان شهر اراك در سال 1397 بود. نمونهٔ آماري، 101 نفر از سالمندان كم‌بينا و نابينا (43 ورزشكار و 58 غيرورزشكار) بودند كه با نمونه‌گيري دردسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسش‌نامهٔ اعتماد اجتماعي صفاري‌نيا و شريف (1389) بود كه به‌صورت مصاحبه تكميل شد. تحليل نتايج با آزمون‌هاي تي‌تك‌نمونه‌اي و تي براي مقايسۀ ميانگين گروه‌هاي مستقل و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخۀ 23 و در سطح معناداري 0٫05=α انجام پذيرفت.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه وضعيت اعتماد اجتماعي در تمامي سالمندان شركت‌كنندۀ كم‌بينا و نابيناي ورزشكار و غيرورزشكار به‌طور معناداري از ميانگين جامعه كمتر است (0٫001=p). همچنين نتايج مشخص كرد كه بين ابعاد اعتماد اجتماعي و اعتماد اجتماعي كل در سالمندان كم‌بينا و نابيناي ورزشكار و غيرورزشكار تفاوت معناداري وجود ندارد؛ اما مقايسهٔ ميانگين‌ها نشان داد كه در تمام ابعاد، ورزشكاران از غيرورزشكاران ميانگين بيشتري دارند.
نتيجه‌گيري: براساس يافته‌هاي پژوهش حاضر، توجه به اعتماد اجتماعي در سالمندان كم‌بينا و نابينا و ارائهٔ راهكارهاي افزايش اين متغير ضرورت دارد. احتمالاً ورزش و فعاليت بدني به‌ويژه فعاليت‌هاي گروهي در افزايش اعتماد اجتماعي اين افراد داراي نقش مؤثري است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Trust among people is an essential characteristic of every society. Eric Erickson, the famous psychologist, believes that trust is a fundamental basis for any personal relationship. Social trust is one of the indicators of social capital and is a new concept that has
been introduced in the socioeconomic studies of developed societies. Investigating social trust in the partially–sighted and blind individuals, especially the elderly, is crucial but has received little attention. Sport and physical activity could contribute to individuals’ interaction in a social
setting; a sports environment has more capacity than other environments in this respect. Researchers have reported that performing a regular
sports activity is a factor for preventing and delaying, or even treating problems associated with aging. It has also been argued that sports and
physical activity could increase social development in individuals. Besides, sports could provide a desirable basis for developing social trust in
the blind and partially–sighted elderly. The present study compared social trust in blind and partially–sighted athletes and non–athlete elderly.
Methods: This was a causal–comparative study, and the convenience sampling method was used for selecting the study participants. The
statistical population consisted of all athletes and non–athlete blind and partially–sighted elderly, referring to the Blind Society of Arak City,
Iran, in 2018. The statistical sample included 101 blind and partially–sighted elderly (43 athletes and 58 non–athletes). All of the study
participants provided consent to attend the present study and aged >55 years. The research instrument was the Social Trust Questionnaire
(Safariannia and Sharif, 2010). This questionnaire has 25 questions, and 5 subscales, including the behavior–based trust, cooperative tendencies,
preciseness, honesty, and confidence. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire have been approved by Safarinia and Nasim Sharif (2010).
The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire
based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the dimensions of trust–based behavior, cooperative tendencies, preciseness, honesty, and confidence
was measured as 0.97, 0.97, 0.96, 0.96, and 0.96, respectively. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total reliability of the questionnaire
was obtained as 0.95. The questionnaire was provided to the study participants and completed by the interview. The collected data were analyzed
using One–Sample t–test and Independent Samples t–test in SPSS.
Results: The obtained results indicated that the social trust status was moderate in all studied blind and partially–sighted elderly. The average
sample in athletes and non–athletes was significantly lower than the theoretical mean of society (p=0.001). The achieved results revealed no
significant difference between the dimensions of social trust and total social trust in the blind and partially–sighted elderly athletes and non–
athletes. However, the comparison of mean scores suggested that in all dimensions, athletes obtained higher scores than the non–athletes.
Conclusion: The status of social trust was unfavorable among the partially–sighted and blind elderly sample of the present study. However,
there was no significant difference between the total social trust score and its dimensions scores among the studied athletes and non–athletes.
However, observing average scores indicated that athletes had a higher mean score than the non–athletes. These achieved results highlighted the
role of sport and physical activity in improving social interactions and enhancing social trust. The attained results revealed that the consideration
of the social trust in blind and partially–sighted elderly populations requires further attention. Sports and physical activity, especially group activities, may significantly increase the social trust in this group.
