كليدواژه :
المپيك ويژهٔ ايران , كيفيت زندگي , پسران داراي ناتواني هوشي , سندرم داون
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: افراد داراي ناتواني هوشي به‌دليل موانع موجود در زندگي، تجربه‌هاي ناخوشايند و احساسات منفي دارند كه اين‌ها در رضايت از زندگي نمايان مي‌شود و كيفيت زندگي آن‌ها را تحت‌تأثير قرار مي‌دهد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسي كيفيت زندگي پسران داراي ناتواني هوشي با تجربۀ شركت در المپيك ويژهٔ ايران و مقايسه با همتايان آن‌ها بود كه در المپيك ويژه شركت نكردند.
روش‌بررسي: اين پژوهش از نوع مطالعات توصيفي‌تحليلي بود كه به‌شيوۀ مقطعي انجام شد. نمونۀ پژوهش شامل 138 پسر داراي ناتواني هوشي در دو گروه ورزشكار (70 پسر داراي ناتواني هوشي) و غيرورزشكار (68 پسر داراي ناتواني هوشي)، 18تا30 سال بود. جهت بررسي كيفيت زندگي اين افراد از پرسش‌نامۀ كيفيت زندگي اسچالاك و كيت (1993) استفاده شد. اين پرسش‌نامه داراي چهل سؤال بوده و در چهار مؤلفۀ ده‌‌سؤالي تنظيم شده است. مؤلفه‌هاي پرسش‌نامه، شامل رضايت، كفايت/سازندگي، توان‌مندسازي/استقلال و تعلق اجتماعي/اشتراك اجتماعي است و درنهايت نمرۀ كلي كيفيت زندگي نيز محاسبه مي‌شود. براي مقايسۀ دو گروه از نرم‌افزار SPSS و روش‌هاي آماري تي‌مستقل و يومن-ويتني در سطح معناداري (0٫05=α) استفاده شد.
يافته‌ها: در تمامي مؤلفه‌ها (رضايت 0٫017=p، كفايت/سازندگي 0٫023=p، توان‌مندسازي/استقلال 0٫011=p، تعلق اجتماعي/اشتراك اجتماعي 0٫001=p، نمرۀ كلي كيفيت زندگي 0٫001=p)، ميان گروه ورزشكار و غيرورزشكار داراي ناتواني هوشي تفاوت معنادار مشاهده شد.
نتيجه‌گيري: باتوجه به بررسي و نتايج حاصل، مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه المپيك ويژهٔ ايران تأثير مثبتي در ارتقاي كيفيت زندگي افراد داراي ناتواني هوشي داشته است. بهبود شرايط رواني-اجتماعي اين افراد، نيازمند داشتن اطلاعات بيشتر در اين زمينه است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: People with Intellectual Disability (ID) have negative experiences and unpleasant emotions due to the barriers in lives, i.e., affect their life satisfaction and Quality of Life (QoL). Regular physical activity seems to improve the QoL and health status in people
with IDs. Access for people with IDs to organized sports is limited. One of the programs that can partly eliminate barriers to the participation of this group is the Special Olympics. The Special Olympics is the largest recreational/sports activities event for people with IDs worldwide. Part
of the Special Olympics mission is improving and developing the physical fitness and overall health of these people. The Special Olympics, with
the help of sports, significantly affects the lives of people with IDs, their families, and society. Besides, it has biopsychological benefits for the
participants. The present study aimed to assess the QoL of males with ID who participated in the Special Olympics Iran and comparing them to
their counterparts without such experience.
Methods: This study was a descriptive–analytical study conducted cross–sectionally. The research sample included 138 males with ID. The
selected samples were divided into two groups of athletes (40 males with ID without Down syndrome and 30 males with Down syndrome). The
study participants’ mean±SD age was 21.95 height was 1.65 and their weight was 67.79 13.49 kg. The same values for the non–athletes were
as follows: (45 males with ID without Down syndrome and 23 males with Down syndrome) mean±SD age: 20.63 height: 1.65 and weight:
65.48 19.10 kg. Schalock’s and Keith’s (1993) Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the QoL of the study participants. This
questionnaire has 40 questions; 10 questions have been set in 4 components. The components of the questionnaire include satisfaction,
competence/productivity, empowerment/independence, and social belonging/community integration. Moreover, the total score of the Quality of
Life is calculated using this scale. The obtained data were analyzed using Independent Samples t–test and Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS at a
significance level of α=0.05.
Results: There was a significant difference between the athletes and non–athletes with and without Down syndrome in all of the investigated
components (satisfaction, p=0.017; competence/productivity, p=0.023; empowerment/independence, p=0.011; social belonging/community
integration, p=0.001; and the total QoL score, p=0.001). There was a significant difference between the athletes and non–athletes with and
without Down syndrome in the components of empowerment/independence (p=0.025), social belonging/community integration (p=0.001), and
the total QoL score (p=0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the athlete and non–athletes with Down syndrome in the
components of satisfaction (p=0.047), competence/productivity (p=0.031), social belonging/community integration (p=0.012), and the total QoL
score (p=0.010).
Conclusion: According to the obtained study results, attending the Special Olympics Iran positively improved the QoL in people with IDs. The
goal is to educate people with IDs, prepare them for social life, and train them with the essential skills for having an independent life with minimal dependence. Mobility and physical activity could significantly influence people's lives and are related to psychosocial findings.
