اثرات تغيير الگوي سوخت مصرفي جنگل نشينان بر وضعيت كمي وكيفي ضايعات چوبي در جنگل‌هاي ارسباران

Effects of changing the fuel consumption pattern of forest dwellers on the quantitative and qualitative status of woody debris in Arasbaran forests

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ دارﻧﺪ. وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻫﺎ اﺛﺮات ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻨﺼﺮي ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ در اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﺧﺘﯽ در ارﺳﺒﺎران ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. ازآﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ راﻫﮕﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﺛﺮات اﺟﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭼﻮب ﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺰﻣﯽ ﮐﻒ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ارﺳﺒﺎران ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دو روﺳﺘﺎ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه )ﻣﮑﯿﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﮐﻼﺳﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺪه( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻫﮑﺘﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد 100 ﻣﺘﺮ در 100 ﻣﺘﺮ و درﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺷﺶ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﺳﯿﻨﻪ در ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺳﺮﭘﺎ و ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ در ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ اﻓﺘﺎده و ﮐﻨﺪهﻫﺎ، ارﺗﻔﺎع و درﺟﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎي اﻓﺘﺎده، ﺳﺮﭘﺎ و ﮐﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺻﺪ در ﺻﺪ آﻣﺎرﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺖرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺠﻢ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ارﺳﺒﺎران از آزﻣﻮن ﯾﻮ ﻣﻦ وﯾﺘﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﯾﻮ ﻣﻦ وﯾﺘﻨﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﭼﻮﺑﯽ در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ رﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﻮﺧﺖ رﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري دارﻧﺪ )0/05

Background and objectives: Woody debris as an important part of forest ecosystems plays a vital role in ecological performance. The quantitative and qualitative status of wood waste in forest areas is affected by various factors, one of the most important of which is the effects of human communities and the history of wood waste exploitation. So far, a study on the status of wood debris as an important and vital element in forest ecosystems and also the role of changing the pattern of fuel consumption as the most important factor affecting the status of wood waste, which is one of the most important sources of fuel needs in Arasbaran is counted, it has not been done. Since proper evaluation of the these programs can be helpful in the proper planning and management of forest resources, this study aims to investigate the effects of fossil fuel providing on the woody debris component as fuel wood in terms of the quantitative and qualitative charactristics in Arasbaran forests. Materials and methods: Two villages including Makidi and Kalasur were selected as using fossilfuel and fuelwood areas, respectively. In so doing, three one-hectare sample plots in the square form and a total of six hectares were implemented in each area. Some characteristics including species type, diameter, height, and decay class of woody debris (standing, fallen and stumped) were measured in each sample plot. Results: The results of Mann-Whitney test showed the amount of woody debris in the fossilfuel and fuelwood areas are significantly different (p < 0.05). The amount of density and volume of woody debris was estimated to be 418 numbers per hectare and 3.42 cubic meters per hectare in the no harvesting fuel wood area and 50 numbers per hectare and 0.22 cubic meters per hectare in the harvesting fuel wood area. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate the success of the fuel consumption pattern changing of forest dwellers in preserving woody debris in Arasbaran forests. Results: The results of Mann-Whitney test showed the amount of woody debris in the fossilfuel and fuelwood areas are significantly different (p < 0.05). The amount of density and volume of woody debris was estimated to be 418 numbers per hectare and 3.42 cubic meters per hectare in the no harvesting fuel wood area and 50 numbers per hectare and 0.22 cubic meters per hectare in the harvesting fuel wood area. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate the success of the fuel consumption pattern changing of forest dwellers in preserving woody debris in Arasbaran forests.