پديد آورندگان :
كلهري، عاطفه دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران , شريفي درآمدي، پرويز دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي - گروه روان شناسي و آموزش كودكان استثنايي , غباري بناب، باقر دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي - گروه روان شناسي و آموزش كودكان استثنايي , كاظمي، فرنگيس دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي - گروه روان شناسي و آموزش كودكان استثنايي , فرخي، نورعلي دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي - گروه سنجش و اندازه گيري
كليدواژه :
ذهن آگاهي مبتني بر آموزه هاي اسلامي - ايراني , سلامت رواني , مادران , اختلال طيف درخودماندگي , كودكان
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: اختلال طيف درخودماندگي بهعنوان اختلالي عصبتحولي پيچيده تنها فرد مبتلا را درگير نميكند، بلكه زنجيرهاي از گرفتاريهاي خانوادگي و اجتماعي را به دنبال دارد و اثرات مخربي بر روند زندگي والدين و مراقبان آنها بر جاي ميگذارد؛ ازاينرو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوين و اعتباريابي برنامهٔ ذهنآگاهي مبتنيبر آموزههاي اسلامي-ايراني و تأثير آن بر سلامت روان مادران داراي كودك با اختلال طيف درخودماندگي انجام شد.
روشبررسي: اين پژوهش در قالب طرحي آزمايشي با پيشآزمون-پسآزمون همراه با گروه گواه و پيگيري بود. از بين مادران داوطلب واجد شرايط داراي كودك با اختلال طيف درخودماندگي 36 نفر انتخاب شده و بهصورت تصادفي در دو گروه آزمايش و گواه تخصيص يافتند. گروه آزمايش هشت جلسهٔ 70دقيقهاي بهمدت 45 روز و هفتهاي دو جلسه مداخلهٔ ذهنآگاهي مبتنيبر آموزههاي اسلامي-ايراني را دريافت كرد. پرسشنامهٔ سلامت رواني (1978) در مراحل پيشآزمون و پسآزمون و پيگيري دوماهه براي دو گروه اجرا شد. تجزيهوتحليل يافتههاي بهدستآمده با استفاده از آزمون تحليل واريانس اندازهگيري مكرر صورت گرفت. سطح معناداري يافتههاي پژوهش 0٫05=α تعيين شد.
يافتهها: نتايج حاصل حاكياز تأثير معنادار مداخلهٔ ذهنآگاهي مبتنيبر آموزههاي اسلامي-ايراني بر سلامت روان و مؤلفههاي اضطراب و افسردگي و عملكرد اجتماعي است (0٫001>p)؛ طوريكه تغييرات ايجادشده در مرحلهٔ پيگيري نيز پايدار بوده است. مداخلهٔ ذهنآگاهي بر بعد جسماني تأثير معناداري نشان نداد.
نتيجهگيري: براساس يافتههاي بهدستآمده از پژوهش حاضر، آموزش ذهنآگاهي مبتنيبر آموزههاي اسلامي-ايراني تأثير معناداري بر كاهش مشكلات سلامت روان مادران كودكان درخودمانده دارد؛ ازاينرو، توجه به اين يافتهها و سازوكار اثربخشي روش مداخلهٔ مذكور ميتواند پيامدهاي مثبتي بر افزايش سلامت روان اين مادران داشته باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition. ASD is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication across multiple contexts as well as the presence of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Autism could be
diagnosed at any age; however, it is considered to be a developmental disorder. This is because symptoms generally present in the first two years
of life. Children with autism may manifest abnormal affective responses to individuals. Such conduct may impair their ability to form healthy
social relationships. Among numerous threatening life events, those characterized by their magnitude, intensity, duration, and unpredictability
tend to constitute the most stressful situations. Reflecting this emphasis, recent literature concerning autism has focused on assessing and
analyzing parental stress in the families of children with disabilities. Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of a child with autism has a
particularly pervasive stressful effect (directly and indirectly affecting various aspects) on the family members’ lives. Problems of caring for
children with autism, including stress, anxiety, and depression adversely impact their parents’ mental health. The main responsibility of such
care is on the mothers; as a result, their mental health is impacted more than fathers or other family members. Accordingly, implementing
effective therapy is necessary for these mothers. A major issue in psychotherapy is cultural differences. Thus, developing culture–based therapies
could be more effective in specific groups. Therefore, this study aimed at developing and validating the Islamic–Iranian based mindfulness
intervention and investigating its effect on the mental health of the mothers of children with autism.
Methods: This was an experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The study population consisted of all the mothers
of children with autism in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. The sample consisted of 36 mothers of children with autism (n=18/group). The study
subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to the test and control groups. Next, the
experimental group participated in eight 70–minute sessions of Islamic–Iranian based mindfulness intervention; however, the control group
received no intervention. The data collection instruments included the 28–Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The GHQ is a screening
device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within the community or non–psychiatric clinical settings, such
as primary care or general medical out–patient centers. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards (but not children), it assesses the
respondent’s current state and assesses if that differs from their usual conditions. It is therefore sensitive to short–term psychiatric disorders, but
not too long–standing attributes of the respondent. Moreover, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and repeated–measures Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA).
Results: The current research results indicated that the provided mindfulness intervention significantly impacted mental health (p<0.001), in
terms of anxiety, depression, and social function; however, but this intervention had no impact on the physiologic subscale. Additionally, the
obtained results remained stable in the follow–up stage.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the presented Islamic–Iranian based mindfulness intervention improved mental health among
the investigated mothers of children with autism. Thus, it is a promising approach in clinical interventions and could be used as an effective interventional method. Accordingly, this intervention seems to be an applicable treatment for the mothers of children with autism.