تأثير آموزش يوگا و خودشفقتي بر پرخاشگري مادرانِ كودكان داراي اختلال جسمي - حركتي

Yoga and Self-Compassion Training on Aggressiveness in the Mothers of Children with Physical-Motor Disorders

زمينه و هدف: ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان يكي از مؤﻟﻔـﻪﻫـﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ زندگي ‌است كه مادران داراي كودك مبتلا به اختلال جسمي-حركتي، مشكلات مربوط به سلامت روان ازجمله پرخاشگري را بيشتر تجربه مي‌كنند؛ ازاين‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف تأثير آموزش يوگا و خودشفقتي بر پرخاشگري مادرانِ كودكان داراي اختلال جسمي-حركتي انجام شد. روش‌بررسي: تحقيق حاضر از نوع نيمه‌تجربي با طرح پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و گروه كنترل بود. شركت‌كنندگان پژوهش چهل نفر مادر 18تا40ساله داراي فرزند با مشكلات جسمي-حركتي شهر اصفهان بودند كه به‌صورت تصادفي در چهار گروه ده‌نفري (گروه تجربيِ يك مداخلات آموزش خودشفقتي (8 جلسه)، گروه تجربيِ دو تمرينات يوگا (24 جلسه)، گروه تجربيِ سه آموزش خودشفقتي و تمرينات يوگا به‌صورت تركيبي، يك‌گروه كنترل) قرار گرفتند. ابزار تحقيق شامل مقياس خودشفقتي نف (2003) و پرسشنامهٔ پرخاشگري آيزنگ و گلن ويلسون (1975) بود. از آناليز كوواريانس جهت تحليل داده‌ها در سطح معناداري 0٫05 استفاده شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه ميزان پرخاشگري مادران در گروه يوگا (0٫013=p) و همچنين گروه خودشفقتي (0٫009=p) درمقايسه با گروه كنترل به‌طور معناداري كاهش پيدا كرده است؛ ولي در گروه تركيبي يوگا و خودشفقتي درمقايسه با گروه كنترل تفاوت معناداري مشاهده نشد. نتيجه‌گيري: مادران از اركان مهم‌تر خانواده و جامعه هستند و سهم بزرگي در رشد و پرورش فرزندان دارند؛ بنابراين با كاهش پرخاشگري و افزايش خودشفقتي در مادران توسط تمرينات يوگا و خودشفقتي مي‌توان كيفيت زندگي آنان را بهبود بخشيد و فضاي خانواده را گرم و صميمي‌تر كرد.

Background & Objectives: Two–thirds of all mothers, who’s their children have developmental disorders encounter more mental and behavioral problems such as aggression, compared to the parents of healthy children. In addition to increasing personal growth, yoga, as a complementary therapy, focuses on reducing psychiatric symptoms. Thus, the current research aimed to investigate the effect of yoga and self– compassion training on aggressiveness in the mothers of children with physical–motor disorders. Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The study participants consisted of 40 mothers in the age range of 18–40 years with children suffering from physical–motor disorders in Isfahan City, Iran. They were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=10 per group) (the experimental group 1 received self–compassion training interventions for 8 sessions, experimental group 2 received yoga exercises for 24 sessions, experimental group 3 received a combination of self–compassion training and yoga exercises, and the control group received no intervention). We used the Self–Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) (Eysenck and Glyn Wilson, 1975) to collect the required data. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated to be above 0.70 and 0.74 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling the pretest effect. Data analysis was performed in SPSS at a significance level of p=0.05. Results: The obtained data revealed that the aggressiveness level in the studied mothers in the yoga group (p=0.013), as well as self–compassion group (p=0.009) were significantly reduced, compared to the controls; however, there was no significant difference between the yoga and self– compassion group and the control group. Conclusion: Mothers make a major contribution to the growth and development of children. Therefore, the quality of their life should be improved and the family atmosphere could become friendlier and more intimate by reducing aggression and increasing self–compassion in mothers. This could be achieved using yoga and self–compassion practices.