پديد آورندگان :
شيريني پارگامي، بهنام دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تنكابن، تنكابن، ايران , خلعتبري، جواد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تنكابن، تنكابن، ايران , توكل، مرضيه دانشگاه علوم پزشكي البرز، كرج، ايران , ترخان، مرتضي دانشگاه پيام نور تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
علائم هشدار دهنده نقص سيستم ايمني , سبك تبيين , منبع كنترل , شوخ طبعي , تيپ هاي شخصيتي
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: ارتباط فعاليت سيستم ايمني بدن با شاخص‌هاي روان‌شناختي در سال‌هاي اخير مدنظر صاحب‌نظران حيطهٔ روان‌شناسي سلامت بوده است. اين پژوهش با هدف پيش‌بيني علائم هشداردهندهٔ نقص سيستم ايمني ازطريق شوخ‌طبعي و سبك تبيين با ميانجي‌گري منبع كنترل و تيپ شخصيتي در پرستاران انجام شد.
روش‌بررسي: اين پژوهش از نوع همبستگي و پيش‌بيني بود كه در بين 281 نفر از پرستاران در سال 1395 در شهر رشت انجام شد. آزمودني‌ها ازطريق نمونه‌گيري تصادفي انتخاب شده و به پرسشنامه‌هاي شوخ‌طبعي اسوباك (1996)، منبع كنترل دروني-بيروني راتر (1996)، پرسشنامهٔ تيپ شخصيتي فريدمن و رزنمن (1987)، پرسشنامهٔ سبك تبيين شي‌ير و كارور (1994) و علائم هشداردهندهٔ ٔ نقص سيستم ايمني جفري مادل (2009) پاسخ دادند. داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار Amos به‌روش تحليل مسير، تحليل شدند.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه مدل پيشنهادي براي شاخص‌هاي x2/df، RMSEA، GFI، CFI و NFI از برازندگي خوبي برخوردار است. همچنين منبع كنترل با علائم هشداردهندهٔ نقص سيستم ايمني داراي همبستگي مثبت (0٫001≤p،0٫35r=) و شوخ‌طبعي با علائم هشداردهندهٔ نقص سيستم ايمني داراي همبستگي منفي (0٫001≤p،0٫56r=-) و تيپ شخصيتي با علائم هشداردهندهٔ نقص سيستم ايمني داراي همبستگي مثبت (0٫001≤p،0٫57r=) است.
نتيجه‌گيري: فعاليت سيستم ايمني بدن به‌صورت مستقيم يا واسطه‌اي ازطريق ويژگي‌هاي روان‌شناختي و شخصيتي پيش‌بيني‌پذير است؛ بنابراين با فراهم‌كردن موقعيت مناسب جهت آموزش مهارت‌هاي روان‌شناختي به عموم افراد مي‌توان به ميزان درخورتوجهي از بروز بيماري‌هاي مربوط به فعاليت سيستم ايمني بدن جلوگيري كرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: A topic that has attracted the attention of health–related scholars to the relationship between biopsychological factors and the development of medical illnesses. Moreover, health psychology researchers have investigated the relationship between the
immune system activity and psychological indicators. This research aimed to predict the warning signs of immune deficiency through a sense of humor and explanatory styles with the mediation of the locus of control and personality type in nurses.
Methods: This correlational study aimed to forecast relationships between the study variables. It was performed among 281 nurses. The study
subjects were selected through random sampling method; they completed Svebak’s Sense of Humor Questionnaire (1996), Scheier and Carver’s
Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) (1994), Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (1996), Friedman and Rosenman’s Personality Type
Questionnaire (1987), and Jeffrey Modell’s Warning Signs for Immunodeficiency Questionnaire (2009). The obtained data were analyzed by
AMOS software through path analysis approach.
Results: The current study results suggested that the proposed model had an appropriate fitness for x2/df, NFI, CFI, GFI, RMSEA indices. There
was a significant and positive correlation between the explanatory style and locus of control in the investigated subjects (r=0.26, p≤0.001).
Additionally, there was a significant and positive correlation between the explanatory style variables and the signs of immunodeficiency in the
study subjects (r=0.53, p≤0.001). There was a significant and negative correlation between a sense of humor and the signs of immunodeficiency
(r=–0.56, p≤0.001). The achieved results also revealed a significant and positive correlation between the sense of humor and personality type in
the research subjects (p≤0.001, r=0.59). The current study findings signified a significant and positive association between personality type
variables and the signs of immunodeficiency in the study subjects (p<0.001, r=0.57). Furthermore, the value of RMSEA was equal to 0.05, i.e.,
<0.1; accordingly, the mean square error of the model was appropriate and the model was acceptable. Additionally, the amount of x2 and the
degree of freedom (1.80) ranged between 1 and 3, and the index of CFI and NFI was >0.9, indicating that the model was appropriate for measuring
the research variables. Moreover, the study did not explain style path and the signs of immunodeficiency were not significantly different;
however, the relationship between the locus of control and the signs of the immunodeficiency was significant and positive (p≤0.001). The
standardized regression coefficient for the path of humor and signs of immunodeficiency was negative and significant (r= –0.56, p=0.001); the
same for personality trait pathway and the warning signs of the immunodeficiency was positive and significant (r= –0.57, p≤0.001). Besides, the
obtained results demonstrated that the overall indirect effect of the explanation style and personality type was significant on the symptoms of
immunodeficiency with the multiple mediation of the locus of control (p≤0.001, R2=0.65). Additionally, the overall indirect effect of the sense
of humor was significant on the signs of immunodeficiency with the mediation of multivariate locus of control and personality type (p≤0.001,
R2=0.69).
Conclusion: These findings suggested that the immunodeficiency activity is affected by psychological indicators and personality traits. Thus,
such findings could be promising to develop skills of training for individuals to implement them for the improvement of the function of the immunodeficiency system.
