فولكلور،ضرب‌المثل‌هاي ايرانيان و ميل به توسعه

Iranian Folklore, Proverbs and Aspiration for Development

هدف پژوهش: اين تحقيق سعي در تحليل جامعه شناختي مولفه‌هاي فرهنگي، بطور خاص محتواي مثل‌هاي كتاب امثال و حكم دهخدا و نقش اين مثل‌ها در توسعه نيافتگي ايران دارد. روش پژوهش: تحليل محتواي كيفي و روش مطالعه ميداني. جامعه آماري: 50 هزار ضرب‌المثل از كتاب امثال و حكم دهخدا و 40 نفر از كساني كه آگاهي نسبتا خوبي به مثل‌ها داشتند. روش انجام پژوهش: تحليل محتواي ضرب‌المثل‌ها توسط 3 كدگذار متخصص و مصاحبه با افراد. يافته‌ها: محقق با تحليل محتواي بيش از پنجاه هزار مثل در روش تحليل محتواي كيفي به اين نتيجه رسيد كه 2510 مثل حاوي مفاهيم توسعه‌اي هستند كه از اين تعداد 894 مثل (35%) حاوي مفاهيم همسو با توسعه و 1616 مثل (65%) حاوي مفاهيم غيرهمسو با توسعه بودند. بعلاوه، با استفاده از روش مطالعه ميداني، از مصاحبه با 40 نفر از كساني كه آگاهي نسبتا خوبي به مثل‌ها داشتند، 276 مثل حاوي مفاهيم توسعه‌اي بدست آمد كه از اين تعداد 64 مثل (23%) حاوي مفاهيم همسو با توسعه و 212 مثل (77%) حاوي مفاهيم غيرهمسو با توسعه بودند. نتيجه‌گيري: اين تحقيق در نهايت به اين نتيجه مي‌رسد كه تعداد قابل ملاحظه‌اي از مثل‌هاي مورد مطالعه مفاهيمي همچون تقديرگرايي، فقدان نوآوري، مرگ، زن ستيزي، قناعت و...را ترويج مي‌كند.

Social scientists strongly believe that cultural norms and values shape, stimulate, direct, and influence all activities of human societies. This study attempts to provide a sociological analysis of cultural components, in particular the content of the proverbs included in Dehkhoda's Amsal va Hekam (Proverbs and Parables) and their role in Iran's underdevelopment. This book was chosen because it is by far the most comprehensive book in this regard with more than fifty thousand proverbs. Through a content analysis of all these proverbs using the qualitative content analysis approach, the researcher concluded that 2510 proverbs were related to development, of which 894 proverbs (35%) conveyed development-consistent concepts and 1616 others (65%) conveyed anti-development concepts. In addition, using the field study method and interviews with 40 people with relatively good knowledge of proverbs, it was shown that 276 proverbs contained development-related concepts, of which 64 proverbs (23%) conveyed development-consistent and 212 others (77%) conveyed anti-development concepts. It was concluded that a considerable number of the proverbs conveyed concepts such as fatalism, a lack of innovativeness, death, misogyny, contentment, and so on. Obviously, such a culture in the community leads to passivity of its members. Given the unquestionable role of cultural factors in human activities and that of cultural components such as proverbs in Iran's underdevelopment process, cultural planners need to pay more attention to these factors and provide appropriate solutions to reduce the negative effects of the development-impeding proverbs as well as other similar cultural components in society.