اثر بخشي آموزش مداخله در بحران بر كيفيت زندگي، اجتناب تجربه‌اي و نشخوارهاي ذهني زنان خيانت‌ ديدۀ داراي علائم افسردگي

The Effects of Crisis Intervention Training on the Quality of Life, Experiential Avoidance, and Rumination among Betrayed Women With Depression Symptoms

زمينه و هدف: خيانت زناشويي در جوامع مختلف به‌عنوان عاملي آسيب‌زا و رو به رشد باعث مشكلات متعددي براي همسر خيانت‌ديده شده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثربخشي آموزش مداخله در بحران بر كيفيت زندگي، اجتناب تجربه‌اي و نشخوارهاي ذهني زنان خيانت‌ديدهٔ داراي علائم افسردگي شهر يزد بود. روش‌بررسي: روش پژوهش نيمه‌آزمايشي و از نوع پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعۀ آماري پژوهش تمامي زنان خيانت‌ديدهٔ مراجعه‌كننده به مركز مشاورهٔ آرامش شهر يزد در سال 1398 بودند. زنان خيانت‌ديدۀ مراجعه‌كننده به مركز مشاورهٔ آرامش براساس روش نمونه‌گيري دردسترس انتخاب شدند و پرسشنامهٔ افسردگي بك (1996) را تكميل كردند. افراد داراي نمرهٔ بيشتر از 19 در پرسشنامهٔ افسردگي به‌عنوان نمونهٔ پژوهش انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفي در گروه آزمايش (15 نفر) و گروه گواه (15 نفر) قرار گرفتند. ابزار اندازه‌گيري شامل پرسشنامه‌هاي كيفيت‌ زندگي سازمان بهداشت جهاني-26 سؤالي (سازمان بهداشت جهاني، 1996) و پذيرش و عمل (بوند و همكاران، 2011) و نشخوار ‌ذهني (نولن-‌هوكسما و مارو، 1991) بود. گروه آزمايش شش جلسه تحت آموزش مداخله در بحران قرار گرفت. براي تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌ها از تحليل كوواريانس چندمتغيره به كمك نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخۀ 24 استفاده شد. يافته‌ها: تحليل يافته‌ها نشان داد، در گروه آزمايش مداخله در بحران باعث كاهش معناداري در اجتناب تجربه‌اي (0٫001>p) و نشخوار ذهني (0٫001>p) و افزايش معناداري در كيفيت زندگي زنان (0٫002=p) خيانت‌ديدهٔ داراي علائم افسردگي شده است. ضريب ايتا در اين متغير‌ها به‌ترتيب برابر با 0٫471 و 0٫520 و 0٫327 بود كه نشان‌دهندهٔ ميزان اثربخش‌بودن مداخلهٔ مذكور در بهبود اين متغيرها است. نتيجه‌گيري: آموزش مداخله در بحران به فرد كمك مي‌كند قبل از ارائۀ راه‌حل بحران را درك كند، افكار و احساسات خود را بيان نمايد و از راهبردهاي سازگارانه‌تري استفاده كند كه مي‌تواند در كاهش نشخوار ذهني و اجتناب تجربه‌اي و بهبود كيفيت زندگي مؤثر باشد.

Background & Objectives: Marital infidelity, as a traumatic and growing event in different societies, imposes numerous psychosocial issues on the betrayed spouse. Individuals who are unfaithful to their spouse, present different actions to avoid unpleasant emotions and thoughts. Individuals who discover their spouse's infidelity and extramarital affairs present mental rumination and inappropriate attempts to escape such annoying thoughts, i.e., not only ineffective but also generate more problems for the person. Additionally, infidelity adversely impacts the couple’s Quality of Life (QoL), especially the betrayed spouse; those with infidelity require special medical services. Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) is an effective training method. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of CIT on rumination, experiential avoidance, and QoL in betrayed females with depression symptoms. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and a control group design. The study statistical population was all betrayed women referring to Aramesh Counseling Center in Yazd City, Iran, in 2019. The study subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. They initially completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (1996). Individuals who achieved scores of >19 in the BDI were selected as the research sample. A total of 30 study samples were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 6 weekly 60-min sessions of CIT; however, the controls received no training. The data collection tools were the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF 26) (WHO, 1996) questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (Bond et al, 2011), and the Rumination Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Marrow, 1991). The obtained data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS. Results: The present study findings revealed that the pretest and posttest rumination mean (SD) scores in the experimental group were 58.73(11.65) and 55.60(11.93), respectively. Furthermore, the pretest and posttest rumination mean (SD) scores in the control group were 57.20(11.31) and 57.40(11.70), respectively. Moreover, the pretest and posttest experiential avoidance mean (SD) scores in the experimental group were 33.06(9.84) and 29.80(8.94), respectively. The pretest and posttest experiential avoidance mean (SD) scores in the control group were 32.26(7.03) and 32.60(6.70), respectively. Additionally, the pretest and posttest QoL mean (SD) scores in the experimental group were 80.86(5.01) and 86.33(5.49), respectively. Eventually, the pretest and posttest QoL mean (SD) scores in the control group were 81.01(6.95) and 80.93(6.43), respectively. The obtained data suggested that CIT significantly decreased rumination in the test group. Accordingly, CIT has led to a 52% improvement in rumination scores in the experimental group (F=27.11, p<0.001, eta= 0.520). Furthermore, CIT significantly decreased experiential avoidance values in the studied subjects. Therefore, this intervention has led to a 47% improvement in experiential avoidance in the study participants (F=22.25, p<0.001, eta= 0.471). The present study results indicated that CIT significantly increased the QoL in the studied subjects. This intervention has led to a 32% improvement in the QoL scores in the research participants (F=12.13, p=0.002, eta= 0.327). Conclusions: CIT assists individuals to recognize the crisis before finding a solution to it; express their feelings and thoughts; employ effective strategies to reduce rumination and experiential avoidance, and improve their QoL. Thus, CIT could be employed as an impactful intervention in this regard.