پديد آورندگان :
خداويردي، ترانه دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ علوم تربيتي و روان شناسي , اسكندري، حسين دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ علوم تربيتي و روان شناسي , برجعلي، احمد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ علوم تربيتي و روان شناسي , فرخي، نورعلي دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي، تهران، ايران - دانشكدهٔ علوم تربيتي و روان شناسي
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: خستگي ناشي از سرطان يكي از شايع‌ترين و ناراحت كننده‌ترين نشانگان در بيماران مبتلا به سرطان است. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرسي اثربخشي آرام‌سازي پيشروندهٔ عضلاني بر خستگي در زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان بود.
روش بررسي: در اين پژوهش از طرح نيمه‌آزمايشي از نوع پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه استفاده شد. از بين تمامي زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان شهر تهران در سال 1397، تعداد 28 بيمار به‌صورت دردسترس انتخاب شدند. سپس به‌طور تصادفي در دو گروه آزمايش و گواه (هر گروه 14 نفر) قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمايش پس از سه جلسهٔ آموزشي، طي هشت جلسهٔ 30دقيقه‌اي تحت آرام‌سازي پيشروندهٔ عضلاني قرار گرفت؛ اما گروه گواه هيچ مداخله‌اي دريافت نكرد. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامهٔ سنجش چندبعدي خستگي (اسمتس و همكاران، 1995) بود. تمامي اطلاعات در سطح معناداري 0٫01 و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 25 و آزمون كوواريانس چندمتغيري تجزيه‌وتحليل شد.
يافته‌ها: يافته‌ها نشان داد، ميانگين خستگي گروه آزمايش از 5٫225±79٫93 به 6٫183±50٫93 كاهش پيدا كرد. تحليل كوواريانس مشخص كرد كه پس از حذف اثر پيش‌آزمون، ميانگين نمرات پس‌آزمون دو گروه تفاوت آماري معناداري دارد (0٫001>p). مجذور اتاهاي به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد كه به‌ترتيب 80، 67، 68 و 64درصد كاهش در مؤلفه‌هاي خستگي عمومي، جسمي، فعاليت و ذهني آزمودني‌هاي شركت‌كننده در گروه آزمايش ناشي‌از روش آرام‌سازي پيشروندهٔ عضلاني است.
نتيجه‌گيري: براساس يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش مي‌توان گفت كه آرام‌سازي پيشروندهٔ عضلاني روش مؤثري در كاهش خستگي در زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Cancer–Related Fatigue (CRF) is among the most frequent and disturbing symptoms in patients with cancer, regardless of the type of tumor and treatment they receive. CRF has not only been described as a physical symptom, but also as a multidimensional
structure consisting of physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions related to cancer or its treatment. Such fatigue is disproportionate to recent
activity and interferes with the patient's normal functioning. A technique studied in the treatment of chronic diseases is Progressive Muscle
Relaxation (PMR). PMR technique is a complementary therapy that refers to the simple practice of tensing or tightening one muscle group at a
time, followed by a relaxation phase with the release of the tension. Such measures cause a sense of calm in individuals. The current study aimed
to investigate the effects of PMR on fatigue in women with breast cancer.
Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study
included all women with breast cancer treated in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Following announcements in Tehran hospitals, 28 patients with
breast cancer were selected using a convenience sampling method. After obtaining informed consent forms, the study subjects were randomly
divided into the experimental and control groups (n=14/group). The study inclusion criteria were receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer by an
oncologist; being aged between 30 and 50 years (the most prevalent age group of breast cancer in Iran); literacy (for reading PMR training
booklet), and willingness to attend meetings. The study exclusion criterion was not attending more than one session of intervention. The
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) (Smets et al., 1995) was used for data collection. In the PMR group, the exercises were performed in
a comfortable and relaxed environment. The first three intervention sessions were designed to familiarize patients with the technique; in the first
session, the MFI was completed as a pretest. Then, 8 intervention sessions were provided to the test group for 4 weeks (twice a week) for 30
minutes with the researcher present. After the exercises, time was devoted to discussing the group members' experience of the exercises. At the
end of the sessions, the experimental group performed a posttest. To describe the obtained data, we used mean and standard deviation. According
to the study design, data analysis was conducted by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS.
Results: The present research results indicated that the mean±SD score of fatigue in the experimental group decreased from 79.93±5.225 at the
pretest to 50.93±6.183 at the posttest. The MANCOVA results suggested that after eliminating the effect of the pretest, the mean scores of the
posttest, in the components of general, physical, activity, and mental fatigue were significantly different between the study groups (p<0.001).
The Eta–Squared data revealed 80%, 67%, 68%, 64% decrease in the components of general, physical, activity, and mental fatigue in the
experimental group, respectively, i.e., due to PMR.
Conclusion: Based on the present study findings, PMR was effective in reducing fatigue among women with breast cancer. Therefore, at different
stages of treatment or after the treatment, such training could help to improve the psychological wellbeing and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. PMR could also improve the affected patients’ ability to adapt to their conditions.
