مقايسهٔ اثر بخشي واقعيت درماني و آموزش تصوير سازي ارتباطي (ايماگوتراپي) بر كنترل گري زناشويي زنان متقاضي طلاق

Comparing the Effects of Reality Therapy and Imago Relationship Therapy on Marital Control in Women Seeking a Divorce

زمينه و هدف: كنترل‌گري زناشويي از علل ناتواني ‌ارتباطي زوجين محسوب مي‌شود كه گاهي با طلاق زوجين تأثيرات زيانباري بر سلامت جسمي و رواني خانواده مي‌گذارد؛ بنابراين اين پژوهش با هدف مقايسهٔ اثربخشي واقعيت‌درماني و ايماگوتراپي بر كنترل‌گري زناشويي زنان متقاضي طلاق شهر ‌همدان انجام شد. روش‌ بررسي: طرح پژوهش حاضر، نيمه‌آزمايشي همراه با طرح پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و پيگيري با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ آماري اين پژوهش تمامي زنان متقاضي طلاق شهر همدان در سال 1398 بودند. سي نفر از افراد داوطلب با درنظرگرفتن معيارهاي ورود به شيوۀ در دسترس وارد پژوهش شدند و به‌صورت تصادفي در دو گروه آزمايشي و يك گروه گواه قرار گرفتند. آموزش ايماگوتراپي به‌مدت ده جلسۀ 60دقيقه‌اي و واقعيت‌درماني به‌مدت هشت جلسۀ 90 دقيقه‌اي به‌صورت گروهي انجام ‌شد. ابزار پژوهش‌ پرسشنامۀ كنترل‌گري زناشويي (اميني، 1396) بود كه در مراحل پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون و پيگيري براي هر سه گروه اجرا شد. تحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از تحليل واريانس با اندازه‌گيري مكرر و آزمون بونفروني ازطريق نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 20 صورت گرفت. مقادير احتمال كمتر از 0٫05 از نظر آماري معنادار در‌ نظر گرفته شد. يافته‌ها: واقعيت‌درماني در كاهش كنترل‌گري زناشويي (0٫033=p) و كنترل‌گري هيجاني (0٫025=p) مؤثر است. بين واقعيت‌درماني و ايماگوتراپي در متغير كنترل‌گري زناشويي اختلاف معناداري وجود دارد (0٫048=p). به‌علاوه، تفاوت معناداري بين پيش‌آزمون با پس‌آزمون و پيگيري و بين پس‌آزمون و پيگيري در متغيرهاي كنترل‌گري زناشويي، كنترل‌گري هيجاني و كنترل‌گري كلامي مشاهده مي‌شود (0٫05>p). نتيجه‌گيري: واقعيت‌درماني موجب كاهش كنترل‌گري زناشويي زنان متقاضي طلاق مي‌شود و درمقايسه با ايماگوتراپي اين رويكرد اثر بيشتري بر كاهش كنترل‌گري زناشويي زنان متقاضي طلاق دارد.

Background & Objectives: After marriage, young couples encounter several tasks and should have a mutual understanding in their everyday life. Major reasons for the conflicts in the couples include communication–related problems and incorrect and unsatisfying relations. Marital control can seriously affect healthy marital relationships and impair couples’ communications, and eventually lead to divorce. In the Reality Therapy (RT) approach, the problems and harms of married life arise from the efforts of each party to control the other to satisfy their needs and desires. Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT) is a novel approach to resolving conflicts and enriching the relationship between spouses, which relies on a sense of security and could be linked to marital control. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the effects of RT and IRT on marital control in women seeking a divorce. Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population of this study was all women applying for divorce in Hamedan City, Iran, in 2019. Considering the inclusion criteria, the eligible volunteers were selected by convenience sampling method; subsequently, they were randomly divided into three groups of RT, IRT, and control (n=10/group). The inclusion criteria of the study were the age range of 20–50 years and not receiving therapy services in psychological treatment centers. If a volunteer failed to participate in two intervention sessions, she was excluded from the study. IRT and RT were performed in groups and twice a week, for 10 sessions in 60 minutes and 8 sessions in 90 minutes, respectively. The Marital Control Questionnaire (Amini, 2017) was used in the pretest, posttest, and quarterly follow–up stages. The context of controlling practices in marital relationships includes emotional control, negligence control, verbal violence control, isolation control, and concealment control. Data analysis was performed using repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: The collected results suggested significant differences between the IRT, RT, and control groups in 3 measurement stages concerning marital control (p=0.019); same differences were detected regarding marital control and its components between the RT and IRT groups, including emotional control (p=0.026), verbal control (p=0.008), and secrecy control (p=0.016). However, no significant difference was observed in inattention control (p=0.198) and isolation control (p=0.186). Bonferroni posthoc test data indicated a significant difference between the RT and control groups in marital control variables (p=0.033) and emotional control (p=0.025). Thus, RT significantly reduced marital control and emotional control in the study subjects. However, in all variables, the scores of the IRT group and controls were not significantly different. Besides, the scores of the RT and IRT groups were significantly different in marital control (p=0.048). To evaluate the difference between marital control scores and its components in three assessment phases, Bonferroni posthoc test was employed. The relevant results revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest (p<0.001), pretest and follow–up (p<0.001), as well as posttest and follow–up (p<0.001) values concerning marital control; there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest (p=0.005), pretest and follow–up (p<0.001), as well as posttest and follow–up (p<0.001) scores in emotional control. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest (p<0.001), pretest and follow–up (p<0.001), as well as posttest and follow–up (p=0.002) data in verbal control (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest statistics of inattention control (p=0.576). There was no significant difference between posttest and follow–up data respecting isolation control (p=0.999). There was also no significant difference between posttest and follow–up values in secrecy control (p=0.072). Conclusion: According to the present research findings, RT was more effective than IRT in improving marital control. Therefore, RT is suggested to be used as a more effective therapy method in this regard.