مقايسهٔ اثر بخشي مداخلهٔ حضور پويا در لحظهٔ لانگر و مبتني‌ بر مديتيشن بر كاهش علائم اضطرابي در بازپروري معتادان

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditationalbased Mindfulness Interventions on reducing anxiety Symptoms in rehabilitation of addicts

زمينه و هدف: اعتياد، يكي از مشكلات بسيار مهم عصر حاضر با گسترهٔ جهاني است؛ مشكلي كه ميليون‌ها زندگي را ويران ساخته و سرمايه‌هاي كلان ملي را صرف هزينهٔ مبارزه، درمان و صدمات ناشي از آن مي‌نمايد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقايسهٔ اثر بخشي مداخلهٔ حضور پويا در لحظهٔ لانگر و مبتني‌بر مديتيشن بر كاهش علائم اضطرابي در بازپروري معتادان طراحي و اجرا شد. روش‌ بررسي: پژوهش حاضر به روش نيمه‌آزمايشي از نوع پيش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه انجام شد. جامعهٔ پژوهش حاضر افراد مبتلا به اعتياد شهرستان‌هاي: دزفول (12 نفر)، انديمشك (8 نفر)، شوش (6 نفر) و شوشتر (4 نفر) بود كه به صورت بستري يا سرپايي به كمپ ترك اعتياد «سلام زندگي» واقع در شهرستان انديمشك مراجعه نموده بودند. از ميان حضوريافتگان پس از احراز شرايط ورودي و خروجي تعداد 30 نفر به صورت نمونه‌گيري غيرتصادفي هدفمند انتخاب شده و به‌صورت تصادفي در دوگروه آزمايش (حضور پويا در لحظهٔ لانگر و مبتني‌بر مديتيشن) و يك گروه گواه گمارده شدند (هر گروه 10 نفر)، اين نمونه‌گيري از فروردين 98 آغاز شد و مداخله به‌مدت 8 هفته طول كشيد. از آزمون كوواريانس جهت تحليل داده‌هاي پژوهش در سطح معناداري 0٫05 استفاده شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد ميانگين اضطراب گروه آزمايش اول «حضور پويا در لحظهٔ لانگر» از 86٫9 به 74٫3 و ميانگين اضطراب گروه آزمايش دوم «حضور پويا در لحظهٔ مبتني‌بر مديتيشن» از 84٫7 به 73٫2 كاهش پيدا كرد. تحليل كوواريانس نشان داد كه پس از حذف اثر پيش‌آزمون، ميانگين نمرات پس‌آزمون دو گروه اختلاف آماري معناداري دارند (0٫001>p). نتيجه‌گيري: اين مطالعه نشان مي‌دهد كه انجام درمان‌هاي گروهي مبتني‌بر حضور ذهن مي‌تواند در وضعيت سلامت روان معتادان خصوصاً در مرحلهٔ بازپروري اثرات مفيدي داشته باشد؛ لهذا مي‌توان به‌عنوان رويكردي پيشگيرانه به آن نگاه كرد.

Background & Objective: Addiction is one of the most critical problems of the modern era that has found its way worldwide. It has therefore been introduced as an acute reversible problem. Substance abuse disorders and their severe and unpleasant consequences are considered as one of the most important mental and physical health risks worldwide. These disorders are associated with many serious medical, psychiatric, family, occupational, legal, spiritual, and moral problems. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders. Regardless of diagnostic criteria, anxiety is experienced by almost everyone as an emotional state. For this reason, research attention to this disorder is warranted. The dynamic presence of the moment defined as the arousal's state and awareness of what is happening in the present moment. The presence of a new approach in the field of psychology is dynamic at the moment, and research into the effects of such interventions on the reduction of symptoms of psychiatric disorders in addicts has rarely been done, the necessity of investigating its effectiveness can lead to a new development in psychotherapy. The purpose of this study was to Comparison of the Effectiveness of Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditational-based Mindfulness Interventions on reducing anxiety Symptoms in the rehabilitation of addicts. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population consisted of people with addiction in: Dezful (12 people), Andimeshk (20 people), Shoosh (6 people) and Shooshtar (4 people) cities who had been referred to ‘Hi Life’ camp in Andimeshk county as hospitalized or outpatient. Thirty people were selected by purposive non-random sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group (each group 10). Intervention started in March 2019 and lasted for 8 weeks. Three groups of Langer, Meditation and Control group were tested with Beck Anxiety inventory during one month follow up. This questionnaire has high validity. Its internal consistency coefficient was 0.92, its validity by test with one-week interval was 0.75, and its correlation coefficients ranged from 0.30 to 0.76. Results: The mean score of anxiety in the first experiment group (Langer’s Mindfulness) changed from (86.9) to (74.3) and the mean anxiety of the second experiment group (Meditational-based Mindfulness) changed from (84.7) to (73.2). Thus, the scores of the two experimental groups (Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditational-based Mindfulness) decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test. However, this change is not seen for the control group. Covariance analysis was used to examine the significance of this difference, and then the covariance analysis assumptions were analyzed. First, the assumption of equality of variances using Leven’s test showed that the experimental and control groups were homogeneous in terms of variances after the experimental intervention (in the pre-test phase). Analysis of covariance showed that after eliminating the pre-test effect, the mean scores of the post-test were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Therefore, Langer’s Mindfulness group (0.64) and Meditational-based Mindfulness group (0.61) interventions were effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in addicts. Conclusion: Finally, in explaining the two methods of Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditational-based Mindfulness, it can be argued that these organized interventions attempt to integrate the component of Mindfulness with current cognitive behavioral therapy and as a tool to guide vulnerable individuals to anxiety disorders. The title of the most common mental disorders has been designed and a simple way to decentralize or stop the relapse of reuse thoughts in addicts. The results indicated that the effectiveness of Langer’s Mindfulness is more effective than Meditational-based Mindfulness in reducing anxiety symptoms in the addict’s rehabilitation. Therefore, Mindfulness based group Therapy can have beneficial effects on the mental health of addicts, especially in the rehabilitation phase, and can be viewed as a preventive approach.